Abstract: The timing device is a lifetime monitor for indicating when the usable lifetime of a product has ended or for indicating the timing for regular usage of a product. The timing device has a timing initiator, a power supply in the form of a membrane zinc air battery and a visual or audible indicator. The timing initiator is a tear-off air blocking membrane which lets in air when the tear off film is removed. The timing device is capable of indicating a predetermined passage of time which is substantially independent of ambient temperature.

Abstract: The timing device is used as a lifetime monitor for providing an indication of when the usable lifetime of a product has ended or as a usage monitor for indicating the timing of regular usage of a product. The timing device consists of a main body and a timing initiator (20). The main body consists of a power supply in the form of a membrane zinc air battery and a visual or audible indicator for indicating when the product has been opened for a predetermined duration of time corresponding to the recommended lifetime of the product or alternatively the timing or repeated use of a product such as toothpaste or medicaments. The timing initiator (20) is a tear-off air blocking membrane and the membrane zinc air battery comprises: a porous air input controlling layer (21), which lets in air when the tear off film is removed; a porous air electrode, the anode (22); an interface containing electrolyte (23); a zinc electrode (24); and an outer adhesive film for attaching the timing device to a product package (25).

Abstract: A superconducting cyclotron is provided that includes a superconducting magnet. This superconducting magnet is arranged to provide a magnetic field that extends axially through a chamber which includes a radially extending beam space. There is further an interaction within the chamber between the axially extending magnetic field and RF energy that energizes particles that are circulating within the beam space. There is further a linear accelerator that is aligned with and exposed to the axially extending magnetic field of the superconducting cyclotron. The output of this linear accelerator communicates with an input to the beam space so that the particles for acceleration within the beam space are pre-accelerated by the linear accelerator.