Abstract: A system herein includes one or more processors to determine asymmetric compensation measurements from at least one receiver antenna pair and at least one transmitter antenna pair on a tool body in an underground formation. The asymmetric compensation measurements are to be used with symmetric compensation measurements from the plurality of antenna pairs. The asymmetric compensation measurements are associated with signals from individual transmitter antennas that are at asymmetric or unequal distances from individual receiver antennas that receive a version of the signals. The individual receiver antennas are part of the at least one receiver antenna pair having symmetrically located receiver antennas with respect to a midpoint of the tool body and the individual transmitter antennas are part of the at least one transmitter antenna pair having symmetrically located transmitter antennas with respect to a midpoint of the tool body.

Abstract: A downhole antenna tool is disclosed for downhole well-logging or other downhole operations. Antenna bars are provided for winding of coils through associated coil carriers of individual ones of the antenna bars. The antenna bars with the wound coils are coated with a protection layer and are releasably coupled to a substrate of the downhole antenna tool using, for example, a silicone cushion layer.

Abstract: A system for measuring electric characteristics of an earth formation includes a carrier configured to be disposed in an earth formation, and an inductive measurement assembly including an antenna configured to generate an oscillating magnetic field in the earth formation and measure a resistivity of the formation by detecting a signal in response to currents induced in the formation. The system also includes a capacitive measurement assembly including a capacitive measurement electrode configured to detect a signal in response to a measurement current injected into the formation, the capacitive measurement electrode disposed between the antenna and the formation and in a path of the magnetic field, the capacitive measurement electrode formed from a plurality of constituent electrodes that are electrically isolated from each other so as to prevent induction of eddy currents across the plurality of electrodes.

Abstract: A system for measuring electric characteristics of an earth formation includes a carrier configured to be disposed in an earth formation, and an inductive measurement assembly including an antenna configured to generate an oscillating magnetic field in the earth formation and measure a resistivity of the formation by detecting a signal in response to currents induced in the formation. The system also includes a capacitive measurement assembly including a capacitive measurement electrode configured to detect a signal in response to a measurement current injected into the formation, the capacitive measurement electrode disposed between the antenna and the formation and in a path of the magnetic field, the capacitive measurement electrode formed from a plurality of constituent electrodes that are electrically isolated from each other so as to prevent induction of eddy currents across the plurality of electrodes.

Abstract: A drillstring communications system includes one or more pipe segments, a communication sub coupled to the pipe segment that includes a communication sub antenna, and a leaky feeder antenna in communication with the communication sub antenna.

Abstract: A system for measuring a resistivity parameter of an earth formation includes: at least one measurement electrode electrically connected to a first electrical source; at least one guard electrode; a shielding electrode interposed between the at least one guard electrode and the at least one measurement electrode, the shielding electrode being electrically connected to a second electrical source independent from the first electrical source, and the guard electrode being electrically connected to a third electrical source independent of the first and second electrical sources; at least one return electrode; insulators positioned between (i) the measurement electrode and the shielding electrode, (ii) the shielding electrode and the guard electrode and (iii) the measurement electrode, the guard electrode and the return electrode; and a processor configured to adjust at least one of the first electrical source and the second electrical source to minimize a current flow through the shielding electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus for evaluating an earth formation, the apparatus including: a logging tool configured to be conveyed through a borehole penetrating the earth formation; a coil inductively coupled to the earth formation, the coil being disposed at the logging instrument; and a circuit coupled to the coil wherein the circuit and the coil form an oscillator circuit, the oscillator circuit being configured to oscillate when a circuit parameter of the oscillator circuit satisfies an oscillation criterion, the circuit parameter being related to a property of the earth formation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for estimating a resistivity property of an earth formation involving electric current injected into a wall of a borehole. The apparatus includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a differential amplifier. The first electrode may be configured to impart an electric current into a borehole wall and be directly connected to a first input of the differential amplifier. The second electrode may be directly connected to a second input of the differential amplifier. The method may also include a summing circuit connected to the output of the differential amplifier. The method includes estimating a resistivity property using the output of the differential amplifier or the summing circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus for evaluating an earth formation, the apparatus including: a logging tool configured to be conveyed through a borehole penetrating the earth formation; a coil inductively coupled to the earth formation, the coil being disposed at the logging instrument; and a circuit coupled to the coil wherein the circuit and the coil form an oscillator circuit, the oscillator circuit being configured to oscillate when a circuit parameter of the oscillator circuit satisfies an oscillation criterion, the circuit parameter being related to a property of the earth formation.

Abstract: A galvanic resistivity tool with one or more measurement electrodes and guard electrodes, and one or more shielding electrodes. The impedance seen by the measurement electrode (indicative of the formation resistivity) is determined by using a directional coupler that measures a reflection coefficient of an electrical signal.

Abstract: A system for measuring a resistivity parameter of an earth formation includes: at least one measurement electrode electrically connected to a first electrical source; at least one guard electrode; a shielding electrode interposed between the at least one guard electrode and the at least one measurement electrode, the shielding electrode being electrically connected to a second electrical source independent from the first electrical source, and the guard electrode being electrically connected to a third electrical source independent of the first and second electrical sources; at least one return electrode; insulators positioned between (i) the measurement electrode and the shielding electrode, (ii) the shielding electrode and the guard electrode and (iii) the measurement electrode, the guard electrode and the return electrode; and a processor configured to adjust at least one of the first electrical source and the second electrical source to minimize a current flow through the shielding electrode.

Abstract: A galvanic resistivity tool with one or more measurement electrodes and guard electrodes, and one or more shielding electrodes. The potential difference between the measurement electrodes and the guard electrodes is controlled to minimize current flow between the measurement electrodes and the shielding electrodes. This provides improved focusing and avoids effects of contact impedance.

Abstract: A galvanic resistivity tool with one or more measurement electrodes and guard electrodes, and one or more shielding electrodes. The impedance seen by the measurement electrode (indicative of the formation resistivity) is determined by using a directional coupler that measures a reflection coefficient of an electrical signal.

Abstract: A resistivity logging tool suitable for downhole use includes a transmitter, two spaced apart receivers. The measured resistivities at the two receivers are corrected for differences in receiver characteristics based on measuring the responses of the receivers to a calibration signal passed through calibration circuits. The logging tool may be used in reservoir navigation. A calibration antenna positioned between the two receivers may be used to identify factors other than the distance to a bed boundary that may effect the receiver signals.

Abstract: A galvanic resistivity tool with one or more measurement electrodes and guard electrodes, and one or more shielding electrodes. The potential difference between the measurement electrodes and the guard electrodes is controlled to minimize current flow between the measurement electrodes and the shielding electrodes. This provides improved focusing and avoids effects of contact impedance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for downhole resistivity imaging uses an antenna coupled to a power source through a directional coupler. Measured reflectivity values are indicative of the antenna impedance and the formation resistivity, particularly if some compensation is made for the antenna inductance.

Abstract: A resistivity logging tool suitable for downhole use includes a transmitter, two spaced apart receivers. The measured signals are inverted to determine the distance to a boundary in the earth formation in the presence of a transition zone in resistivity. The direction of drilling may be controlled based on the determined distance.

Abstract: A resistivity logging tool suitable for downhole use includes a transmitter, two spaced apart receivers. The measured resistivities at the two receivers are corrected for differences in receiver characteristics based on measuring the responses of the receivers to a calibration signal passed through calibration circuits. The logging tool may be used in reservoir navigation. A calibration antenna positioned between the two receivers may be used to identify factors other than the distance to a bed boundary that may effect the receiver signals.

Abstract: The invention is a method and apparatus for determining an electrical property a formation surrounding a borehole with a measuring-while-drilling device. The apparatus an antenna configuration disposed along the outer face of an extendable stabilizer joined to a rotatable drill collar. Typically, two receivers and two transmitters are spaced along the longitudinal axis of the drill collar, with the two receivers spaced symmetrically in between the two transmitters. Alternatively, receivers and transmitters can be spaced along the circumference, possibly over multiple stabilizers. Multiple assemblies can be used. Data can be obtained with the transmitter-receiver assembly held in a stationary position or rotating circumferentially. Apparatus can be operated in a “broadside” configuration, an “endfire” configuration, or a configuration in which transmitter coils and receiver coils are oriented orthogonally to each other.

Abstract: The invention is a method and apparatus for determining an electrical property a formation surrounding a borehole with a measuring-while-drilling device. The apparatus an antenna configuration disposed along the outer face of an extendable stabilizer joined to a rotatable drill collar. Typically, two receivers and two transmitters are spaced along the longitudinal axis of the drill collar, with the two receivers spaced symmetrically in between the two transmitters. Alternatively, receivers and transmitters can be spaced along the circumference, possibly over multiple stabilizers. Multiple assemblies can be used. Data can be obtained with the transmitter-receiver assembly held in a stationary position or rotating circumferentially. Apparatus can be operated in a “broadside” configuration, an “endfire” configuration, or a configuration in which transmitter coils and receiver coils are oriented orthogonally to each other.