Abstract: Enabling Low Frequency Periodic Signalling over an optical link with a circuit arrangement and method for controlling a light-emitting component, including: monitoring a differential input for the presence of an electrical idle state by an IDLE detector; triggering a time delay block by the IDLE detector when the electrical idle state at the differential input is interrupted or resumed; detecting whether the differential input is driven by a Low Frequency Periodic Signalling or by a Super Speed/Enhanced Super Speed signalling by a signal type detector; making a decision whether the signalling is to be transmitted by a decision circuit; an input stage connected to the decision circuit; and driving the light-emitting component by an output stage.

Abstract: In order to further develop a device (100a, 100b, 100c, 100d, 100e, 100f) for coupling optical signals into at least one waveguide (10), wherein the device (100a, 100b, 100c, 100d, 100e, 100f) comprises at least one electro-optical converter (28) which sends out the optical signals in the direction of the axis or of the core (12) of the waveguide (10), in such a way that active alignment of the waveguide (10) is not necessary, it is proposed that the electro-optical converter (28) is incorporated, in particular embedded, in at least one send-site optical subassembly (40), and that the send-site optical subassembly (40) comprises at least one guiding channel (46) for aligning the waveguide (10) with respect to the electro-optical converter (28), in particular relative to the output port or to the active surface (30) of the electro-optical converter (28). The corresponding is true for a device (140a, 140b, 140c, 140d, 140e, 140f) for decoupling optical signals from at least one waveguide (10).

Abstract: A device for coupling optical signals into at least one waveguide having at least one electro-optical converter, which sends out the optical signals in the direction of the axis or of the core of the waveguide, in such a way that active alignment of the waveguide is not necessary. The electro-optical converter is incorporated, in particular embedded, in at least one send-site optical subassembly, the send-site optical subassembly has at least one guiding channel for aligning the waveguide with respect to the electro-optical converter, in particular relative to the output port or to the active surface of the electro-optical converter, and at least one extension is assigned to the send-site optical subassembly, in particular to the guiding channel, the extension being provided for aligning the waveguide with respect to the guiding channel. Also, a device for decoupling optical signals from at least one waveguide having the features noted above.

Abstract: An X-ray detector includes an N-channel digital-analogue converter controllable with K+L bits. In an embodiment, the digital-analogue converter includes a first voltage source to provide a plurality of first voltage values at tapping points; and a switch unit with N switch matrices, 2K inputs of the switch matrices being electrically conductively connected to 2K tapping points of the first voltage source. The digital-analogue converter also includes a second voltage source including N subunits. The X-ray detector further includes a discriminator unit including N comparators, at least one input of the comparators being electrically conductively connected to the associated output of the switch matrix and/or to the associated output of the subunit, so that the associated first voltage value and the associated second voltage value are associable with each comparator. A signal of an output of a pre-amplifier, and the associated first and second voltage values are comparable in the comparator.

Abstract: An x-ray detector includes a substrate including an electrically conductive connection between a read-out contact in the region of the top side of the substrate and an input of a pre-amplifier in an active layer of an integrated circuit. A first electrically conductive connection is provided between the read-out contact and a second electrically conductive connection. A surface of a first light protection is relatively larger than a surface of a light-permeable region of the first light protection. The second electrically conductive connection is provided within a second projection of the surface of the light-permeable region along the surface normal and below the second light protection. A third electrically conductive connection between the second electrically conductive connection and the pre-amplifier is provided below the second light protection. The input of the pre-amplifier is protected against direct incidence of light.

Abstract: An x-ray detector includes a substrate including an electrically conductive connection between a read-out contact in the region of the top side of the substrate and an input of a pre-amplifier in an active layer of an integrated circuit. A first electrically conductive connection is provided between the read-out contact and a second electrically conductive connection. A surface of a first light protection is relatively larger than a surface of a light-permeable region of the first light protection. The second electrically conductive connection is provided within a second projection of the surface of the light-permeable region along the surface normal and below the second light protection. A third electrically conductive connection between the second electrically conductive connection and the pre-amplifier is provided below the second light protection. The input of the pre-amplifier is protected against direct incidence of light.

Abstract: A direct-conversion counting x-ray detector includes an analog front end. The analog front end is one-stage. The one stage includes a preamplifier and a pulse shaping unit.

Abstract: A device for coupling optical signals into at least one waveguide, wherein the device comprises at least one send-site circuit, which based on incoming signals from send-site terminal contacts actuates at least one electro-optical converter, which sends out the optical signals in the direction of the axis of the waveguide, in such a way that the manufacturing expenses are low. The electro-optical converter is incorporated, in particular embedded, in at least one send-site receptacle/alignment module, the send-site receptacle/alignment module comprises at least one groove- or trough-shaped depression for aligning the waveguide in relation to the electro-optical converter, and the send-site receptacle/alignment module is, in an essentially form-fit and/or force-fit manner, incorporated, in particular fitted, in a recess provided in a send-site substrate. The corresponding is true for a device for decoupling optical signals from at least one waveguide.

Abstract: In order to further develop a device for coupling optical signals into at least one waveguide, wherein the device comprises at least one send-site circuit, which based on incoming signals from send-site terminal contacts actuates at least one electro-optical converter, which sends out the optical signals in the direction of the axis of the waveguide, in such a way that a corresponding miniaturization of the coupling device is enabled at low optical losses while at the same time the manufacturing expenses are to be low, it is proposed that the send-site circuit is arranged essentially in the plane of a send-site substrate comprising the send-site terminal contacts. The corresponding is true for a device for decoupling optical signals from at least one waveguide.

Abstract: In order to further develop a circuit arrangement (CR; CR?) for receiving optical signals (SI) from at least one optical guide (GU), said circuit arrangement (CR; CR?) comprising: at least one light-receiving component (PD) for converting the optical signals (SI) into electrical current signals (IPD), at least one transimpedance amplifier (TA), being provided with the electrical current signals (IPD) from the light-receiving component (PD), at least one automatic gain controller (AG) for controlling the gain or transimpedance (R) of the transimpedance amplifier (TA), at least one integrator (IN) in a feedback path (FP), said integrator (IN) generating a control signal (Vint), at least one voltage-controlled current source (CS), being provided with the control signal (Vint) from the integrator (IN), at least one limiter (LI) acting as a comparator and generating in its output a logic level for positive or negative voltages in its input, and a corresponding method in such a way that a multilevel optical lin

Abstract: In order to further develop a circuit arrangement provided for coding and/or decoding a data stream, in particular of up to 24-bit-wide R[ed]G[reen]B[lue] video signals, and a corresponding method in such way that an efficient DC-balanced coding and/or decoding is possible, in particular with the lowest possible overheads, at least one coder with five 5b/6b coder blocks arranged in parallel to each other and with a 2b/2b coder block arranged in parallel to the 5b/6b coder blocks, and/or at least one decoder with five 6b/5b decoder blocks arranged in parallel to each other and with a 2b/2b decoder block arranged in parallel to the 6b/5b decoder blocks are proposed.

Abstract: An X-ray detector includes an N-channel digital-analogue converter controllable with K+L bits. In an embodiment, the digital-analogue converter includes a first voltage source to provide a plurality of first voltage values at tapping points; and a switch unit with N switch matrices, 2K inputs of the switch matrices being electrically conductively connected to 2K tapping points of the first voltage source. The digital-analogue converter also includes a second voltage source including N subunits. The X-ray detector further includes a discriminator unit including N comparators, at least one input of the comparators being electrically conductively connected to the associated output of the switch matrix and/or to the associated output of the subunit, so that the associated first voltage value and the associated second voltage value are associable with each comparator. A signal of an output of a pre-amplifier, and the associated first and second voltage values are comparable in the comparator.

Abstract: In order to further develop a device for coupling optical signals into at least one waveguide, wherein the device comprises at least one electro-optical converter which sends out the optical signals in the direction of the axis or of the core of the waveguide, in such a way that active alignment of the waveguide is not necessary, it is proposed wherein the electro-optical converter is incorporated, in particular embedded, in at least one send-site optical subassembly, wherein the send-site optical subassembly comprises at least one guiding channel for aligning the waveguide with respect to the electro-optical converter, in particular relative to the output port or to the active surface of the electro-optical converter, and wherein at least one extension is assigned to the send-site optical subassembly, in particular to the guiding channel, said extension being provided for aligning the waveguide with respect to the guiding channel.

Abstract: A direct-conversion counting x-ray detector includes an analog front end. The analog front end is one-stage. The one stage includes a preamplifier and a pulse shaping unit.

Abstract: In order to enable Low Frequency Periodic Signalling (LFPS) over at least one optical link, a circuit arrangement (TC) for controlling at least one light-emitting component (LD) as well as a corresponding method are proposed, said method comprising the steps of: monitoring at least one differential input (IN+, IN?) for the presence of an electrical idle state by means of at least one IDLE detector (ID); triggering at least one time delay block (TD) by means of the IDLE detector (ID) when the EI state at the differential input (IN+, IN?) gets interrupted or is resumed; detecting whether the differential input (IN+, IN?) is driven by a L[ow]F[requency]P[eriodic]S[ignalling] or by a S[uper]S[peed]/e[nhanced]S[uper]S[peed] signalling by means of at least one signal type detector (SD), said signal type detector (SD) having a decision latency time being less than the time delay provided by the time delay block (TD); making a decision whether LFPS or SS/ess signalling is to be transmitted by means of at least one

Abstract: In order to be able to receive any digital optical signals in the bandwidth range from zero bits per second to the high Gbits/second range with as little circuit complexity as possible and to be able to process said signals with the least possible energy requirement for reprocessing, the invention proposes a circuit arrangement as well as a method for receiving digital optical signals by means of at least one light-receiving component connected upstream of at least one signal input port, particularly by means of at least one photodiode, wherein the unipolar current signal coming from the light-receiving component through the signal input port is transformed into a bipolar current signal by means of a compensation current provided by at least one current source, the value of said current being defined by means of at least one digital register.

Abstract: In order to further develop a device (100a, 100b, 100c, 100d, 100e, 100f) for coupling optical signals into at least one waveguide (10), wherein the device (100a, 100b, 100c, 100d, 100e, 100f) comprises at least one electro-optical converter (28) which sends out the optical signals in the direction of the axis or of the core (12) of the waveguide (10), in such a way that active alignment of the waveguide (10) is not necessary, it is proposed that the electro-optical converter (28) is incorporated, in particular embedded, in at least one send-site optical subassembly (40), and that the send-site optical subassembly (40) comprises at least one guiding channel (46) for aligning the waveguide (10) with respect to the electro-optical converter (28), in particular relative to the output port or to the active surface (30) of the electro-optical converter (28). The corresponding is true for a device (140a, 140b, 140c, 140d, 140e, 140f) for decoupling optical signals from at least one waveguide (10).

Abstract: In order to further develop a device for coupling optical signals into at least one waveguide, wherein the device comprises at least one send-site circuit, which based on incoming signals from send-site terminal contacts actuates at least one electro-optical converter, which sends out the optical signals in the direction of the axis of the waveguide, in such a way that a corresponding miniaturization of the coupling device is enabled at low optical losses while at the same time the manufacturing expenses are to be low, it is proposed that the send-site circuit is arranged essentially in the plane of a send-site substrate comprising the send-site terminal contacts. The corresponding is true for a device for decoupling optical signals from at least one waveguide.

Abstract: A device for coupling optical signals into at least one waveguide, wherein the device comprises at least one send-site circuit, which based on incoming signals from send-site terminal contacts actuates at least one electro-optical converter, which sends out the optical signals in the direction of the axis of the waveguide, in such a way that the manufacturing expenses are low. The electro-optical converter is incorporated, in particular embedded, in at least one send-site receptacle/alignment module, the send-site receptacle/alignment module comprises at least one groove- or trough-shaped depression for aligning the waveguide in relation to the electro-optical converter, and the send-site receptacle/alignment module is, in an essentially form-fit and/or force-fit manner, incorporated, in particular fitted, in a recess provided in a send-site substrate. The corresponding is true for a device for decoupling optical signals from at least one waveguide.

Abstract: In order to further develop a circuit arrangement (CR; CR?) for receiving optical signals (SI) from at least one optical guide (GU), said circuit arrangement (CR; CR?) comprising: at least one light-receiving component (PD) for converting the optical signals (SI) into electrical current signals (IPD), at least one transimpedance amplifier (TA), being provided with the electrical current signals (IPD) from the light-receiving component (PD), at least one automatic gain controller (AG) for controlling the gain or transimpedance (R) of the transimpedance amplifier (TA), at least one integrator (IN) in a feedback path (FP), said integrator (IN) generating a control signal (Vint), at least one voltage-controlled current source (CS), being provided with the control signal (Vint) from the integrator (IN), at least one limiter (LI) acting as a comparator and generating in its output a logic level for positive or negative voltages in its input, and a corresponding method in such a way that a multilevel optical link