Abstract: A tankless water heater comprising a bare wire heating element is disclosed which is connected to an electronic temperature control system. At least one sensor is furthermore connected to the electronic temperature control system. A fluid heating chamber is made of insulating non conductive material wherein the heating element is located. At least one switch is connected to at least one bare wire heating element and to a phase of an AC line. An electrode system and an electronic detecting circuit are interconnected. The electrode system is arranged in a fluid channel, in a short distance from the bare wire heating element which acts like electrode 1. The electrode 2 of the electrode system is made from a conductive tube material hydraulically connected to a throttle valve made from non conductive material to insulate the electrode 2 from the grounded collector. The electrode 2 is electrically connected to a electronic control system via a conductive material.

Abstract: A water heater including a cold water intake, a hot water output, a fluid pathway arranged between the cold water intake and the hot water output and adapted to convey water flowing from the cold water intake to the hot water output. A heating element is adapted to heat water that is in the fluid pathway. A power electronics unit is coupled to the heating element. A controller is configured to regulate a temperature of the water in the fluid pathway to an adjustable hot water temperature by controlling the power electronics unit. A water draw-off detector is adapted to detect a water draw-off event and a water sensor is adapted to determine a reference parameter corresponding to a temperature of the water.

Abstract: A tankless water heater comprising a bare wire heating element is disclosed which is connected to an electronic temperature control system. At least one sensor is furthermore connected to the electronic temperature control system. A fluid heating chamber is made of insulating non conductive material wherein the heating element is located. At least one switch is connected to at least one bare wire heating element and to a phase of an AC line. An electrode system and an electronic detecting circuit are interconnected. The electrode system is arranged in a fluid channel, in a short distance from the bare wire heating element which acts like electrode 1. The electrode 2 of the electrode system is made from a conductive tube material hydraulically connected to a throttle valve made from non conductive material to insulate the electrode 2 from the grounded collector. The electrode 2 is electrically connected to a electronic control system via a conductive material.

Abstract: In a circuit for and a method of detecting combustion-relevant variables in an internal combustion engine an ionization signal is determined in dependence on the flame. To improve the accuracy of detection the ionisation measurement circuit is connected to the ignition electrode and decoupled from the ignition coil by way of a decoupling means. In the method a voltage potential is built up in a measurement voltage storage unit in the ignition phase with an ignition current. During at least one measurement phase the voltage potential is applied by way of a measurement resistor to an ignition electrode, wherein the ignition voltage is decoupled from the measurement voltage storage unit or from the measurement resistor when the voltage falls below a threshold voltage.

Abstract: A gas burner for a heating furnace with at least one burner pipe (1) with flame openings (7). An intake opening (5) is provided in which primary air enters and wherein burnable gas enters through a gas nozzle (4) penetrating into the intake opening (5). The percentage of primary air remains extensively unaffected during changes in the gas pressure occurring as a consequence of a change in the nature of the gas.

Abstract: A process for controlling a gas blower burner in which an ionization electrode sends an electrical variable derived from the combustion temperature or the lambda value to a control circuit, which compares this variable with a selected electrical set point and adjusts the gas-to-air ratio (lambda value) to a corresponding lambda set point. To compensate the effect of a condition-dependent change in the proportionality between the lambda value and the electrical measured variable derived from it on the control in such a way that the desired lambda set point will be maintained, a calibration cycle is run from time to time. The lambda value is reduced from a value of >1 during this cycle. The maximum obtained at lambda=1 is stored. The electrical set point is adjusted with this maximum.

Abstract: In a process for operating a gas blower burner, a control circuit detects an ionization signal Ui derived from an ionization electrode, and it adjusts the gas-to-air ratio to a lambda set point >1, to which a set point Uis of the ionization signal corresponds. To guarantee low-emission combustion in different operating states, a range of control of the ionization signal Ui is set, whose upper limit value Uio is smaller than the maximum of the ionization signal Ui, and whose lower limit value Uiu is above the value that guarantees low-emission operation. A switch-off signal is generated for the burner if the ionization signal Ui leaves the permissible range of control RB for longer than a preset period of time.

Abstract: The quality of a fuel-air mixture shall be evaluated by a process and a device during a phase of combustion, especially in a spark ignition engine, in order to make possible a low-emission, fuel-saving and knock-free operation. An electrical testing pulse P is sent for this purpose to the spark plug during the phase of combustion V following the ignition pulse Z. The effect of the actual fuel-air mixture of the combustion chamber on the testing pulse is detected and evaluated as an electrical variable.