Abstract: An infrared radiation measuring pyrometer whose output is used to calculate both particle and gas temperatures from an explosion or fire. Preferably four infrared wavelength measurements are made to compute the particle temperature and two infrared wavelength measurements to compute the gas temperature. Especially constructed to operate in an explosion environment, the invention allows the simultaneous and continuous measurements for both particle and gas temperatures. Planck's Law is used to relate the radiation emitted from the particles and/or gas to the wavelengths observed, the emissivity of the object at that wavelength, and the temperature of the particles and/or gas. For each specific wavelength detected at the pyrometer there is an output voltage which can be related to the flame radiation.

Abstract: An instrument to detect submicron particles by charge-transfer attachment. The instrument is made up of a charging chamber with two concentric cylindrical electrodes, a remote third collector electrode, and a pump to force ambient air through the charging chamber and into the collection electrode. The innermost electrode of the charging chamber is supplied with a radioactive material having a gold foil covering. This material can create a small bipolar region symmetrical to the inner electrode where primary ionization takes place. Positive ions created in this region move to the larger outside unipolar region to attach themselves to submicron particles. These charged particles are then forced from the charged chamber at which time they may either impinge on the collection electrode to create a measurable axial current or the particles may enter a size discrimination chamber.