Abstract: A thermal insulation panel includes an encasement and an insulative fiber core. The encasement includes a first encasement layer forming a first major surface of the panel and a second encasement layer forming a second major surface of the panel. The insulative fiber core is positioned between the first encasement layer and the second encasement layer.

Abstract: A rope halter conversion attachment that attaches reins to a rope halter fitted to a horse's head to create a bitless bridle which allows a rider to communicate commands to the horse via the rope halter by manipulation of the reins. To accomplish this task, the rope halter conversion attachment forms an angle between the halter's cheek knot and the point of attachment of the reins. When rein tension is applied by the rider, this angle causes a pivoting motion at the halter's cheek knot that pulls on the nose band and creates pressure on the horse's nose. The pressure communicates nonverbal commands to the horse.

Abstract: A rope halter conversion attachment that attaches reins to a rope halter fitted to a horse's head to create a bitless bridle which allows a rider to communicate commands to the horse via the rope halter by manipulation of the reins. To accomplish this task, the rope halter conversion attachment forms an angle between the halter's cheek knot and the point of attachment of the reins. When rein tension is applied by the rider, this angle causes a pivoting motion at the halter's cheek knot that pulls on the nose band and creates pressure on the horse's nose. The pressure communicates nonverbal commands to the horse.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method for the resolution of the racemic mixture of compound (R,S)-2-amino-6-propylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazole, or the enrichment of same with in one of its enantiomers, and to intermediate compounds which can be used to perform said method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of obtaining 3,3-diphenylpropylamines (I), wherein R1 is H, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxyalkyl, R2 is alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, NO2, CN, CHO, which may be free or protected, CH2OH or COOR6, and R2 and R1 are selected independently from H and alkyl or together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a ring having 3 to 7 members. The inventive method consists in reacting a propylenephenylamine and a disubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon and, if necessary, separating the desired enantiomer or the mixture of enantiomers, and/or converting the compound (I) into a salt. Compounds (I) are muscarinic receptor antagonists which can be used in the treatment of urinary incontinence and other symptoms of urinary bladder hyperactivity. Said compounds include tolterodine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of obtaining 3,3-diphenylpropylamines (I), wherein R1 is H, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxyalkyl, R2 is alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, NO2, CN, CHO, which may be free or protected, CH2OH or COOR6, and R3 and R4 are selected independently from H and alkyl or together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a ring having 3 to 7 members. The inventive method consists in reacting a propylenephenylamine and a disubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon and, if necessary, separating the desired enantiomer or the mixture of enantiomers, and/or converting the compound (I) into a salt. Compounds (I) are muscarinic receptor antagonists which can be used in the treatment of urinary incontinence and other symptoms of urinary bladder hyperactivity. Said compounds include tolterodine.

Abstract: An application system for applying a solid particle includes an injector housing having a material inlet, a gas inlet, and a material outlet, and an occluder moveably disposed within the injector housing between the gas inlet and the material outlet. The injector housing and the occluder define there between at least one adjustable aperture downstream of the material inlet and in fluid communication with the gas inlet and the material outlet. The aperture has a first open area with the occluder in a first position and a second open area with the occluder in a second position, the second open area being different than the first open area. The system also includes a nozzle having a nozzle inlet coupled to the material outlet and a nozzle outlet, the inlet having a circular cross-section and the outlet having a rectangular cross-section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 2-amino-6-alkyl-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazoles (I) wherein the asterisk (*) represents an asymmetric carbon and R1 is C1-C6 alkyl; their enantiomers or mixtures thereof, their solvates, hydrates or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, comprising: (a) reacting a compound (II) with a secondary amine, optionally in the presence of an acid and a solvent 1, to form an enamine; (b) optionally removing said acid and said solvent 1, and then reacting said enamine with sulfur in the presence of a solvent 2; and (c) reacting the previously obtained compound with cyanamide to obtain the compound (I). Pramipexole, a compound with dopamine D-2 agonist activity, is among the compounds (I) and is useful for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.

Abstract: The invention is aimed at a compound of formula (I) wherein n is 0, 1 or 2, R1 is a linear or branched alkyl group, R2 is selected from a substituted or non substituted alkyl group, substituted or non substituted aryl group, substituted or non substituted aralkyl group, substituted or non substituted heterocyclyl group, or a substituted or non substituted heterocyclylalkyl group. Another object of the invention is a process for obtaining these compounds from the corresponding compound with a hydroxy group in position 4 by means of reacting with a sulfonamide in the presence of a phosphine and a dialkyl azadicarboxylate. The deprotection of the compound of formula (I) gives rise to the corresponding amine. The intermediate and the processes described are very useful in the synthesis of pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of obtaining 3,3-diphenylpropylamines (I), wherein R1 is H, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxyalkyl, R2 is alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, NO2, CN, CHO, which may be free or protected, CH2OH or COOR6, and R3 and R4 are selected independently from H and alkyl or together with the nitrogen to which they are bound form a ring having 3 to 7 members. The inventive method consists in reacting a propylenephenylamine and a disubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon and, if necessary, separating the desired enantiomer or the mixture of enantiomers, and/or converting the compound (I) into a salt. Compounds (I) are muscarinic receptor antagonists which can be used in the treatment of urinary incontinence and other symptoms of urinary bladder hyperactivity. Said compounds include tolterodine.

Abstract: The process includes the steps of (i) dissolving finasteride in a substantially anhydrous organic solvent selected among n-butyl acetate, iso-butyl acetate, sec-butyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate, C5 alkyl acetate and mixtures thereof, at a temperature equal to or lower than the boiling point of said organic solvent; (ii) slowly cooling said finasteride solution to a cooling temperature determined on the basis of the chosen solvent; (iii) maintaining the resulting suspension at the cooling temperature for a period of time equal to or less than 16 hours; and (iv) recovering the resulting solid phase containing Form I of finasteride, for example by means of filtration, and removing the solvent, for example by means of drying said crystals. The process allows for obtaining the Form I of finasteride only and in a pure form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 2-amino-6-alkyl-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazoles (I) wherein the asterisk (*) represents an asymmetric carbon and R1 is C1-C6 alkyl; their enantiomers or mixtures thereof, their solvates, hydrates or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, comprising: (a) reacting a compound (II) with a secondary amine, optionally in the presence of an acid and a solvent 1, to form an enamine; (b) optionally removing said acid and said solvent 1, and then reacting said enamine with sulfur in the presence of a solvent 2; and (c) reacting the previously obtained compound with cyanamide to obtain the compound (I). Pramipexole, a compound with dopamine D-2 agonist activity, is among the compounds (I) and is useful for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.

Abstract: A two-component nozzle (200) for the pneumatic delivery of solid particulates is disclosed. The nozzle generally includes an inner conduit (210) for conveying solid particulates such as superabsorbent polymer particles and an outer conduit (220) for conveying an outer airflow that is directed via a foraminous plate (300) into the path of the solid particulates exiting the nozzle. The outer airflow improves the weight distribution of the solid particulates as they are deposited onto a substrate to form a composite material. The nozzle (200) can optionally deliver other components such as fluff, binders, and water in addition to the solid particulates. A production process for the composite material, suitable for inclusion in an absorbent articles, also is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2-amino-6-alkyl-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazoles of formula (I) wherein the asterisk (*) represents an asymmetric carbon and R1 is C1-C6 alkyl; and enantiomers and mixtures thereof, and their solvates, hydrates and pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The process involves (a) reacting with a secondary amine, optionally in the presence of an acid and a first solvent, to form an enamine; (b) optionally removing the acid and first solvent, and then reacting the enamine with sulfur in the presence of a second solvent; and (c) reacting the previously obtained compound with cyanamide to obtain the formula (I) compound. Pramipexole, a dopamine D-2 agonist, can be made by such process, and is useful for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.

Abstract: The invention is aimed at a compound of formula (I) wherein n is 0, 1 or 2, R1 is a linear or branched alkyl group, R2 is selected from a substituted or non substituted alkyl group, substituted or non substituted aryl group, substituted or non substituted aralkyl group, substituted or non substituted heterocyclyl group, or a substituted or non substituted heterocyclylalkyl group. Another object of the invention is a process for obtaining these compounds from the corresponding compound with a hydroxy group in position 4 by means of reacting with a sulfonamide in the presence of a phosphine and a dialkyl azadicarboxylate. The deprotection of the compound of formula (I) gives rise to the corresponding amine. The intermediate and the processes described are very useful in the synthesis of pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: The process comprises reacting a compound of formula (II), where R is a hydroxyl protecting group, and the asterisk indicates an asymmetric carbon atom, with diisopropylamine in the presence of a reducing agent; optionally converting the resulting intermediate into a salt and, if so desired, isolating it; removing the hydroxyl protecting group; and if so desired, separating the desired (R) or (S) enantiomer, or the mixture of enantiomers and/or converting the obtained compound into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Tolterodine is a muscarinic receptor antagonist useful in treating urinary incontinence and other symptoms of urinary bladder hyperactivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method for the resolution of the racemic mixture of compound (R,S)-2-amino-6-propylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazole, or the enrichment of same with in one of its enantiomers, and to intermediate compounds which can be used to perform said method.

Abstract: The process comprises reacting a compound of formula (II), where R is a hydroxyl protecting group, and the asterisk indicates an asymmetric carbon atom, with diisopropylamine in the presence of a reducing agent; optionally converting the resulting intermediate into a salt and, if so desired, isolating it; removing the hydroxyl protecting group; and if so desired, separating the desired (R) or (S) enantiomer, or the mixture of enantiomers and/or converting the obtained compound into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Tolterodine is a muscarinic receptor antagonist useful in treating urinary incontinence and other symptoms of urinary bladder hyperactivity.

Abstract: The process for separating the R(?)- and S(+)-5-[2-[[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino]propyl]-2-methoxybenzene-sulfonamide enantiomers comprises (a) reacting a mixture of said enantiomers with an optically active organic acid to form diastereoisomeric salts with said enantiomers, where in said diastereoisomeric salts have different solubility and can be separated by crystallization; (b) separating the diastereoisomeric salt mixture enriched in the salt of one of the enantiomers; and (c) releasing said salts to obtain the R(?)or S(+) enantiomer. The R(?)-5-[2-[[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy) ethyl]amino]propyl]-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide enantiomer has ?-adrenergic blocking activity and is useful as an antihypertensive agent suitable for the treatment of congestive heart failure and benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Abstract: The 17?-(substituted)-3-oxo-?1,2-4-azasteroids (I), wherein R1 is C1–C4 alkyl, OR2, wherein R2 is a C1–C4 alkyl radical, or NR3R4, wherein R3 and R4, equal or different, represent hydrogen or a C1–C4 alkyl radical, can be obtained by means of a process comprising cleaving the oxazolidinedione ring present in a 2-(substituted)-3-hydroxyoxazolidinedione of formula (IV), wherein R5 is Br or trichloromethylsulfonyl, and removing the substituent at position 2, to form a double bond at position 1,2. Some compounds (I) are testosterone-5?-reductase inhibitors and can be used in the treatment of hyperandrogenic disorders.