Abstract: Compositions for actively inhibiting corrosion are described herein that include at least one active corrosion inhibitor compound, and at least one conventional corrosion inhibitor compound. In addition, methods for producing a composition that actively reduces corrosion are described herein and include providing at least one active corrosion inhibitor, providing at least one conventional corrosion inhibitor compound or corrosion protection compound, and blending the at least one active corrosion inhibitor and the at least one conventional corrosion inhibitor compound or corrosion protection compound to form the composition. In addition, a composition for actively inhibiting corrosion is described herein that includes at least one active corrosion inhibitor compound, wherein the at least one active corrosion inhibitor compound comprises a derivative or salt of a thio-, thia- or dithiocarbarnic acid, or a combination thereof and at least one conventional corrosion inhibitor compound.

Abstract: A layered construction for application to a device or substrate or placement in an enclosed space for use in decontaminating the underlying surface or enclosed space comprises a cathode, an electrolyte layer, an anode and a protective surface layer. A compound that can be electrically decomposed to release on demand and over an extended period of time, an oxidant is included in the layered structure, preferably in the electrolyte layer. Preferred compounds are those which can release halogen ions which react with various different chemical or biological contaminants which may contact the protective layer, destroying, or devitalizing the contaminants.

Abstract: A method for protecting a surface of an article includes preparing or otherwise providing a reactive solution of a form of polyaniline and an acid, thereafter applying the reactive solution to the surface of the article to form an adherent conversion coating on the surface, thereafter oxidizing the adherent conversion coating to form an oxidized coating, and thereafter contacting a chromate-free, corrosion inhibiting organic compound such as a salt of a dithiocarbamate or a salt of a dimercaptothiadiazole to the oxidized coating to form a fixed conversion coating on the surface of the article. The resulting article has the fixed conversion coating adhered to the surface of the article. The fixed conversion coating has a mixture of a reduced polyaniline salt, and a fixed disulfur-linked dithiocarbamate polymer or dimer.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing a fluid includes sensing a property of the fluid and the temperature of the fluid at the time the property is sensed, then determining the status of the fluid from the sensing. The sample volume may be small in comparison to the total fluid volume.

Abstract: Compositions for actively inhibiting corrosion are described herein that include at least one active corrosion inhibitor compound, and at least one conventional corrosion inhibitor compound. In addition, methods for producing a composition that actively reduces corrosion are described herein and include providing at least one active corrosion inhibitor, providing at least one conventional corrosion inhibitor compound or corrosion protection compound, and blending the at least one active corrosion inhibitor and the at least one conventional corrosion inhibitor compound or corrosion protection compound to form the composition. In addition, a composition for actively inhibiting corrosion is described herein that includes at least one active corrosion inhibitor compound, wherein the at least one active corrosion inhibitor compound comprises a derivative or salt of a thio-, thia- or dithiocarbarnic acid, or a combination thereof and at least one conventional corrosion inhibitor compound.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical (MEM) fluid health sensing device comprises a viscosity sensor which provides an output that varies with the viscosity of a fluid in which it is immersed, and at least one other sensor which provides an output that varies with another predetermined parameter of the fluid. The viscosity sensor is preferably a MEM device fabricated by means of a “deep etch” process. The sensors are preferably integrated together on a common substrate, though they might also be fabricated separately and packaged together to form a hybrid device. A data processing means may be included which receives the sensor outputs and provides one or more outputs indicative of the health of the fluid. Sensor types which may be part of the present device include, for example, a temperature sensor, a MEM electrochemical sensor, a MEM accelerometer, a MEM contact switch lubricity sensor, and/or an inductive metallic wear sensor.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and articles of manufacture consistent with the present invention provide for determining the environmental resistance of a wire insulation. The broadband impedance of the wire is obtained before and after the wire is exposed to an environmental condition. The real and imaginary components of the dielectric functions are then extracted from the broadband impedances. A tangent of a ratio of the imaginary component to the real component of the dielectric function of the wire prior to exposure is compared to a tangent of a ratio of the imaginary component to the real component of the dielectric function of the wire after to exposure. The two tangents are then compared to determine the environmental resistant of the insulation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and articles of manufacture consistent with the present invention determine the type of damage to a wire, the amount of damage, and the location of the damage based on the wire's broadband impedance measured from a single measurement point. The type of damage is determined by comparing the wire's calculated dielectric function, resistance and inductance to known values that correspond to types of wire damage. The amount of damage is determined by comparing the wire's low-frequency impedance phase to known low-frequency impedance phase information that corresponds to a known amount of wire damage. The location of damage is determined by comparing the wire's high-frequency impedance phase to known high-frequency impedance phase information that corresponds to a known location of wire damage.

Abstract: A polymer composite structure, wherein the composition releases an anionic dopant upon application of an electrochemical potential, such as when in contact with a metallic substrate in a corrosive environment. The composite actively inhibits corrosion at the point of contact of the composite with a metal substrate by release of “active” or “smart” corrosion inhibitors which migrate to the corrosion area. Composites having anionic dopants having biocidal or scale-inhibiting properties may be used to inhibit biofouling and scaling wherein the dopants are released upon application of a electrochemical potential.

Abstract: The corrosion inhibiting activity of a coating is determined from the effect of corrosion inhibiting species released by the coating on the oxygen reduction current for a cathode placed very close to the coating. A rotating disk electrode or pumped solution flow is used to sweep the corrosion inhibiting species from the coating surface to the cathode. The oxygen reduction current is measured under conditions of oxygen diffusion control.

Abstract: A sensor, and method of using the sensor, for determining changes in the chemical or electrolytic properties of non-electrolyte, or weakly electrolytic fluids comprising an anode, cathode and reference electrode covered by a solid electrolyte film. Changes in these properties are indicative of degradation of the fluid or dissolution therein of conductive materials from the surfaces in contact with that fluid.

Abstract: A pigment grade corrosion inhibitor and a method of forming the inhibitor is disclosed. The inhibitor is comprised of a host species comprised of an inorganic compound having a layered structure and a guest species comprised an anionic species of a weak acid. The host species is preferably a double hydroxide having a structure of: [M(II)1-xM(III)x(OH?)2] [An?x/n.y H2O], where M(II) is a divalent metal cationic species, M(III) is a trivalent metal cationic species, and An? is an anionic species, preferably with the species present in a range of: 0.2?M(III)/(M(II)+M(III))?0.4.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for ink jet printing on textiles is disclosed, wherein the steps of pre-treating, ink jet printing, and post-treating the textile takes place at the ink jet printer. A preferred method includes the steps of applying a pre-treat to the textile, evaporating excess water from the pre-treat, ink jet printing a pattern on the pre-treated textile, evaporating water from the ink in the pattern, applying a binder/post-treat to the pattern and curing the binder. The textile printing apparatus prints on an untreated textile by having a first application device to apply a pre-treat aqueous solution to the textile. A first heating element is arranged to evaporate most or all of the water from the pre-treated textile as it passes. An ink jet printer then accepts the pre-treated textile and prints the desired pattern on it. A second heating element at the output of the printer evaporates water from the ink in the pattern as the printed textile passes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for examining the electrochemical kinetics occurring at the surface of a galvanized steel cable undergoing fatigue in the presence of a corrosive environment allows the prediction of the corrosion life of the cable. In one embodiment, an apparatus for detecting localized corrosion in a cable is provided undergoing mechanical fatigue, comprising a weir cell containing an electrolyte and a reference electrode, one or more pulleys, and a motion control device. In other embodiments, methods for detecting and monitoring the electrochemical response of corrosion coupled to fatigue in a galvanized steel cable are provided wherein the potential between a reference electrode and a moveable cable under tension and undergoing fatigue are recorded and/or monitored. In further embodiments, a method and apparatus are provided for inspecting entire runs of cable for localized corrosion, zinc porosity, and corrosion inhibition efficiency.