Abstract: The invention relates to a lyophilization method which comprises the following steps: reducing the pressure in the drying chamber until the onset of a visible crystallization of the solvent at a temperature in the drying chamber which is above the solidification point of the preparation; reducing the temperature in the drying chamber to a temperature which is below the solidification point of the preparation or is identical to it, until completion of the crystallization of the solvent, resulting in a frozen solvent; and sublimation of the frozen solvent by means of reduced pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for obtaining short-term color stability in an HID lamp, the apparatus comprising in a first embodiment a high intensity discharge lamp with a discharge vessel and electrodes; with a filling within the discharge vessel containing a metal halide dose of at least 20 mg/cc, where volume is defined as the volume of the main cylindrical section of the discharge vessel. In a preferred embodiment, the filling within the discharge vessel contains Hg of at least 20 mg/cc, where volume is defined as the volume of the main cylindrical section of the discharge vessel. In a yet further aspect, the resulting color temperature is stabilized independent of the shape and frequency of the current and voltage waveforms that drive the HID lamp.

Abstract: A method and ballast for driving a high intensity discharge (HID) lamp include generating a very high frequency driving signal for the HID lamp, generating a low frequency modulating signal, amplitude modulating the driving signal with the modulating signal at a predetermined low initial modulation level, measuring a lamp voltage across the HID lamp, determining a standard deviation of the lamp voltage, comparing the standard deviation with a predetermined minimum level, if the standard deviation is above the predetermined minimum level, incrementally increasing the modulation level and repeating the amplitude modulating step, the measuring step, the determining step and the comparing step, and if the standard deviation is below the predetermined minimum level, maintaining the amplitude modulation at the determined level.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for obtaining short-term color stability in an HID lamp, the apparatus comprising in a first embodiment a high intensity discharge lamp with a discharge vessel and electrodes; with a filling within the discharge vessel containing a metal halide dose of at least 20 mg/cc, where volume is defined as the volume of the main cylindrical section of the discharge vessel. In a preferred embodiment, the filling within the discharge vessel contains Hg of at least 20 mg/cc, where volume is defined as the volume of the main cylindrical section of the discharge vessel. In a yet further aspect, the resulting color temperature is stabilized independent of the shape and frequency of the current and voltage waveforms that drive the HID lamp.

Abstract: A method and device for arc straightening in an HID lamp, the method comprising the steps of: determining and selecting a frequency signal or a frequency sweep signal that produces arc straightening for an HID lamp; and exciting an arc straightening acoustic mode in conjunction with a carrier frequency signal. In a preferred embodiment, the exciting step comprises amplitude modulating the carrier frequency signal with either the frequency signal or the frequency sweep signal which corresponds to the power frequencies for arc straightening. In a further embodiment, the exciting step comprises summing the carrier frequency signal with a second frequency signal or second frequency sweep signal to obtain a difference power frequency or power frequencies which excite an arc straightening acoustic mode.

Abstract: A method and structure for substantially overcome vertical segregation in HID lamps, the method comprising the steps of: determining and selecting a frequency sweep signal to produce arc straightening and a fixed frequency signal for exciting a second longitudinal acoustic mode; and exciting in conjunction with a carrier frequency an arc straightening acoustic mode together with a second longitudinal acoustic mode excitation. In a preferred embodiment, the exciting step comprises amplitude modulating the carrier frequency signal with a sum of the frequency sweep signal and the fixed frequency signal.

Abstract: Power source systems implementing methods for reducing vertical segregation (color mixing) in a long and thin high intensity discharge lamp are disclosed. Each system provides a current frequency signal to the lamp that excites an azimuthal acoustic and longitudinal acoustic combination mode of the lamp whereby color mixing within the lamp can be achieved. Each system further adjusts the current frequency signal as needed to stabilize color mixing within the lamp.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of manufacturing an abrasive body which includes the steps of providing a mixture comprising a mass of nanosized ceramic particles and a mass of ultra-hard abrasive particles, typically diamond and cubic boron nitride, and sintering the mixture into a coherent body. The sintering conditions used are hot-pressing conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hirudin derivatives which are formed from hirudin or the physiologically acceptable salt thereof and a carrier, to a process for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof as thrombin inhibitor.

Abstract: Thrombin inhibitors from the hirudin family which differ from the previously known hirudins by mutation in the protein chain, and a process for their preparation are described. The novel hirudins are distinguished by a high specific activity, high stability and good pharmacokinetics.

Abstract: In order to prevent troublesome load change shocks in an internal combustion engine for a vehicle, the power control element thereof consists of an adjustment lever operationally positioned between two spring stops. The first spring stop provides elastic transmission of accelerator pedal commands from a fuel control cable and the second spring stop, which comprises a stronger spring, is effective only after the adjustment lever moves through a preset free path and engages a support fixed on the housing. As a result, during a fuel control cable motion defined by the first spring stop, the adjustment lever is not moved, whereas thereafter, during a further fuel control cable motion, the adjustment lever is moved since the force of the spring associated with the second stop is overcome.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polypeptide of the formula ##STR1## in which R represents phenoloic hydrogen or a phenolic ester group and m, n, X, Z, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, I and J have the meanings given, and in which the 6 Cys radicals are linked in pairs via disulfide bridges, processes for the preparation or isolation thereof, their use and agents containing them.

Abstract: A safety device for the protection of pedestrians involved in a collision with a vehicle is arranged in the zone of the front hood of the vehicle. The safety device is in the form of a mechanism for raising the rear of the front hood, which mechanism can be triggered by a sensor installation arranged in the zone of the front bumper of the vehicle for detection of a collision with the pedestrian. Upon detection of a collision, the mechanism raises the front hood from a rest position to an impact position in which the potential for contact between the pedestrian's head and the windshield are reduced.