Abstract: A 3D printed thermal expansion structure includes a thermoplastic material and a thermal expansion material, wherein the thermoplastic material is in a range from 50 to 90 wt % based on a weight of the 3D printed thermal expansion structure, and the thermal expansion material is in a range from 10 to 50 wt % based on the weight of the 3D printed thermal expansion structure. The thermoplastic material and the thermal expansion material are mixed to form a mixed material, and the mixed material is utilized by a 3D printing apparatus to form a solid object, and the solid object is heated to form the 3D printed thermal expansion structure. A manufacturing method of a 3D printed thermal expansion structure is provided herein.

Abstract: A device (e.g., an article of athletic gear) comprising a post-molded expandable component, which is a part of the device that is configured to be expanded or has been expanded after being molded. This may allow the post-molded expandable component to have enhanced characteristics (e.g., be more shock-absorbent, lighter, etc.), to be cost-effectively manufactured (e.g., by using less material and/or making it in various sizes), and/or to be customized for a user (e.g., by custom-fitting it to the user).

Abstract: The device for controlling and actuating a vibrating mechanism, particularly in tampers, comprises a hydraulic pump (12) that drives a hydraulic motor (18), which interacts with the vibrating mechanism (10) while being a part of a hydraulic circuit (16) to which a pressure regulator (22) is connected in the secondary branch (20) and can be controlled by a hydraulic switching device (24). This configuration provides a purely hydraulic solution that does not require electrical current for controlling and switching off the vibrating mechanism.