Abstract: The shifted laser surface texturing method is a method of writing of large arrays of small objects (5) on surface or inside of a material. The whole array of objects (5) is produced by repeated linear raster (1) laser processing with sequential shifting of linear raster between each repetition of the scanning process. The linear raster is a set of paths (1) for laser beam scanning. Distance between spots (2) in the laser beam path (1) of the linear raster is defined by speed of laser beam scanning and by period between laser pulses. Sequence of linear raster shifts (4) defines the form of the small objects (5) in the array. Computational data for an array of the same objects (5) is very low. It is comparable to the number of lines N in one linear raster plus number of spots in one object. The presented method eliminates heat accumulation effect and strongly decreases plasma shielding effect, while at the same time enables effective use of high average power pulsed lasers.

Abstract: An oscillator in an integrated circuit in which the oscillator signal is taken from the output of a comparator, and the decision level of the comparator is determined by the voltage difference between the input of the comparator and the substrate of the integrated circuit. Interference voltages on the substrate, caused by other circuitry on the integrated circuit, are compensated with equal interference voltages at the input of the comparator. To effect this compensation, a capacitor is connected between the input of the comparator and the substrate, in lieu of the conventional capacitor that is connected between the input of the comparator and a ground potential.