Abstract: In order to increase the throughput rate of conveyors with a conveyor star, it is proposed that groups consisting of several bulk items be fed essentially radially to said star (13) and that in the process the mutual positions of bulk items (1) be adapted to the curved mutual positions of transport recesses (23) on conveyor star (13) and/or to the intervals between them.

Abstract: In order to perform all-around inspection of vials in particular, it is proposed that said vials (1) be dynamically mounted in an air-cushion bearing (13) with bearing shells (21a, 21b), that they be rotated with the air of a suction cup (15) that is radially rubber-elastic, and that the vial walls be inspected with the air of a scanning device such as a line camera using working beam (29).

Abstract: A method of checking a volume of containers wherein a gas is fed to the volume which is correlated to a volume of the container at a controlled flow rate such that, for example, the mass flow of the gas per unit of time is preset in a controlled manner such that it is possible to reduce the time periods during which it is necessary to await transient processes.

Abstract: A method and test chamber for leak testing a container with substantially flexible side wall wherein the container is introduced into a test cavity so that the flexible side wall of the container is spaced from at least first, relatively recessed portions of an inner adjacent wall of the test cavity with a gap being defined between at least the first, relatively recessed portions of the inner wall of the test cavity and the flexible side wall of the container. A pressure difference is installed as an initial value between the interior of the container and at least the gap by applying a pressure at least to the gap which is smaller than a pressure inside the container. The flexible side wall is supported from its exterior side within the test cavity on second, relatively raised portions of the adjacent inner wall of the test cavity so as to mechanically stabilize the flexible side wall with respect to the outward bending as a result of the pressure difference.

Abstract: A junction box is provided having a housing and a cover. The housing includes a housing wall extending upwardly from a base about the periphery thereof. A lip extends outwardly about the top edge of the housing wall and engages in a snap fit in a channel in a wall of the cover. A pair of inner walls which depend from the cover top prevent the housing from inadvertently being disengaged.

Abstract: The conveyer apparatus includes a conveying path which is divided into two directly subsequent path sections, namely an inflow path section and an outflow path section. Each path section includes an endless conveyer belt and the belts are provided with conveying members for the articles to be conveyed. The running speed of the inflow belt is lower than the running speed of the outflow belt, such that at the transfer of the articles from the inflow section to the outflow section the articles are spatially separated.

Abstract: A method and test chamber for leak testing a container with a substantially flexible wall portion wherein the container is introduced into a test cavity so that the wall portion of the container is spaced from an inner adjacent wall portion of the test cavity with a gap being defined between the wall portion of the cavity and the flexible wall portion of the container. A pressure difference is installed as an initial value between the interior of the container and at least the gap by applying a pressure at least to the gap which is smaller than a pressure inside the container. The flexible wall portion is supported form its exterior side within the test cavity so as to prevent the flexible wall portion from bending outwardly into contact with the wall portion of the test cavity as a result of the pressure difference. The time course of a pressure prevailing within the gap is measured as a leak indicative signal.

Abstract: To test a closed container having at least one flexible wall area in order to determine a leakage by an increasing of the inner volume of the container and a measuring of a correspondingly caused changed measured value, at least one outer wall area of the container is exposed to a medium having a pressure which is greater than a pressure produced by the increase of the volume of the container if such has no leakage. The increase of the volume can be made by a pneumatic or mechanical application of a force at a flexible wall area. The arrangement is specifically suitable when the wall of the container or its contents strive to self-seal a leakage spot in a wall area.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for leak testing a hollow body wherein the hollow body is placed in a test chamber. The hollow body is exposed to one of a positive or negative differential pressure between an internal pressure of the hollow body and a pressure in the test chamber. A pressure prevailing in the test chamber is tapped off from the test chamber at two points in time, with a signal being generated of a pressure differential between the values of the prevailing pressure in the test chamber at the two points of time. The tightness or change in volume of the hollow body is determined in dependence upon the generated pressure differential signal.

Abstract: A method and test chamber for leak testing a container with a substantially flexible wall portion wherein the container is introduced into a test cavity so that the wall portion of the container is spaced from an inner adjacent wall portion of the test cavity with a gap being defined between the wall portion of the cavity and the flexible wall portion of the container. A pressure difference is installed as an initial value between the interior of the container and at least the gap by applying a pressure at least to the gap which is smaller than a pressure inside the container. The flexible wall portion is supported form its exterior side within the test cavity so as to prevent the flexible wall portion from bending outwardly into contact with the wall portion of the test cavity as a result of the pressure difference. The time course of a pressure prevailing within the gap is measured as a leak indicative signal.

Abstract: A closed container is placed in a test chamber for the purpose of testing the container's tightness. A pre-chamber is brought to a desired pressure, then connected with the test chamber. The pressure in the test chamber is stored at a certain point in time on the input side of a differential pressure sensor and then the plot of the test chamber pressure is compared with the reference pressure thus formed. Any pressure compensation which occurs if leaks are present in the hollow body is recorded as an indication of such leakage.

Abstract: A method and test chamber for leak testing a container with a substantially flexible wall portion wherein the container is introduced into a test cavity so that the wall portion of the container is spaced from an inner adjacent wall portion of the test cavity with a gap being defined between the wall portion of the cavity and the flexible wall portion of the container. A pressure difference is installed as an initial value between the interior of the container and at least the gap by applying a pressure at least to the gap which is smaller than a pressure inside the container. The flexible wall portion is supported from its exterior side within the test cavity so as to prevent the flexible wall portion from bending outwardly into contact with the wall portion of the test cavity as a result of the pressure difference. The time course of a pressure prevailing within the gap is measured as a leak indicative signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for leak testing a hollow body wherein the hollow body is placed in a test chamber. A prechamber is brought to a desired pressure, then connected with the test chamber. The pressure in the test chamber is stored at a certain point in time on an input side of a differential pressure sensor and then the course of the test chamber pressure is compared with reference pressure thus formed. Any pressure compensation which occurs if leaks are present in the hollow body is recorded as an indication of such leakage.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for providing an indication of a temperature state of open container bodies during in-line handling. The container bodies are conveyed along a conveyance path, with the openings of the container bodies being freely accessible. A pyro-electric detector is positioned along the conveyance path of the openings facing the conveyance path of the openings. An opening of one of the containers is detected upon reaching a position opposite the pyro-electric detector, and the pyro-electric detector measures heat radiation from the opening detected as having reached the position opposite the pyro-electric detector. The heat radiation measured determines the overall thermal energy content of the open container body as the temperature state thereof.

Abstract: In order to improve existent methods for measuring the sealing of tanks (1), the temperature (.theta..sub.1) of the tank is measured when taking up a magnitude relative to the pressure (p) representative of a leak. A predetermined magnitude relative to a limit pressure (p.sub.G) to decide whether a tank fulfils the required sealing conditions at a temperature (.theta..sub.2) is calculated for a measurement temperature (.theta..sub.1); the actual pressure value and the limit or ultimate pressure value at this measurement temperature (.theta..sub.1) are then compared. Thereby, pressure variations due to temperature variations are taken into account.

Abstract: The test device (7) serves in particular for testing bottle-shaped containers (4), and is in the form of a piston/cylinder assembly. It has two pistons (41, 53) in order to test simultaneously or consecutively two properties of the container (4), while the position of the container (4) and cylinders (30, 31) remains the same. The two pistons (41, 53) can be operationally connected by a piston rod (42). The piston strokes are different. Containers which are to be filled with a liquid material and are preferably made of plastic can be tested in this way before they are filled with the material thus making it possible to locate quickly and unambiguously any containers which are to be rejected owing to their dimensions, resistance to crushing, sealing property and so on, before the filling process takes place.