Abstract: Radar testing systems with radar system rotational systems and methods for using the radar testing systems are disclosed. A radar testing system includes a radar system to be tested, a computer, and a radar simulator. A radar sensor rotation system mechanically coupled to a radar sensor of the radar system is communicatively coupled to the computer and configured to rotate the radar sensor to predefined and desired angles for predetermined amounts of time during testing of the radar system.

Abstract: The centrifugal mass arrangement for the balancing of rotational accelerations of an engine housing of a reciprocating-piston engine, such as an internal combustion engine, is equipped with a hollow cylindrical housing provided for fastening to the engine housing and has a circumferential wall with an inner side, and with a centrifugal mass carrier arranged rotatably in the housing and coupled to the drive shaft for co-rotation therewith. The centrifugal mass carrier has at least two diametrically oppositely situated ends. A roller disk with a circumferential surface is arranged on each end of the centrifugal mass carrier. Each roller disk is mounted rotatably on the respective end of the centrifugal mass carrier and is supported by the circumferential surface against the inner side of the circumferential wall of the housing and, during rotation of the centrifugal mass carrier, rolls on the inner side of the circumferential wall of the housing.

Abstract: Radar testing systems with radar system rotational systems and methods for using the radar testing systems are disclosed. A radar testing system includes a radar system to be tested, a computer, and a radar simulator. A radar sensor rotation system mechanically coupled to a radar sensor of the radar system is communicatively coupled to the computer and configured to rotate the radar sensor to predefined and desired angles for predetermined amounts of time during testing of the radar system.

Abstract: The centrifugal mass arrangement (10) for the balancing of rotational accelerations of an engine housing, in particular of the engine housing of a reciprocating-piston engine, which is preferably an internal combustion engine, is equipped with a hollow cylindrical housing (16) which is provided for fastening to the engine housing (12) and which has a circumferential wall (48) with an inner side (46), and with a centrifugal mass carrier (18) which is arranged rotatably in the housing (16) and which can be coupled to the drive shaft (20) for co-rotation therewith. The centrifugal mass carrier (18) has at least two diametrically oppositely situated ends (26, 28). A roller disk (38, 40) with a circumferential surface (42, 44) is arranged on each end (26, 28) of the centrifugal mass carrier (18).

Abstract: A hydraulic hybrid safety system with an over-center bent-axis rotary pump/motor, a yoke and a calibrated orifice. The yoke has a zero yoke angle and a plurality of non-zero yoke angles. In addition, the pump/motor has zero torque when the yoke angle is at the zero yoke angle and non-zero torque when the yoke is at a non-zero yoke angle. The system also has at least one accumulator and at least one hydraulic line. The at least one accumulator is configured to provide hydraulic pressure and rotate the yoke via the at least one hydraulic line. The calibrated orifice is located within the at least one hydraulic line and limits the rotational speed of the yoke to a predetermined maximum value.

Abstract: A hydraulic hybrid safety system is provided. The hydraulic hybrid safety system is part of a hydraulic hybrid system that has an over-center bent-axis rotary pump/motor with a yoke, the yoke having a zero yoke angle and a plurality of non-zero yoke angles. The safety system includes a spring that is operable to move the yoke to the zero yoke angle when the hydraulic hybrid system loses electrical power.

Abstract: A combustion engine comprising at least a cylinder, a generator having a generator shaft with a generator shaft gear, a crankshaft having a crankshaft gear and a control unit, which controls at least the generator in such a way that it is possible to avoid a tooth flank change between the generator shaft gear and the crankshaft gear during an entire combustion cycle of the combustion engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an energy-conversion system comprising an internal combustion engine (1) and a generator (2) which is driven by the internal combustion engine, and comprising a rotational connection which couples a first shaft (3) of the internal combustion engine (1) to at least one second shaft (5) of the energy-conversion system, wherein the second shaft (5) rotates in the opposite direction to the first shaft (3) and the first shaft (3) is arranged parallel to the second shaft (5), wherein products of moments of inertia and respectively associated rotational speed ratios of individual rotating components, which are rotationally coupled to one another by means of the rotational connection, at least approximately cancel one another out.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a piston-type internal combustion engine comprising gas-exchange valves which can be driven in a completely variable manner by a motor control (2) and which communicate with an air supply channel (4) provided with a device (6) for generating a negative pressure using the energy components of the air flowing through said air supply channel (4). This device is provided with means that can be driven for adaptation to the modifications in the flow energy which are inherent to the operation, and communicates with at least one negative-pressure user (8, 9, 10) through at least one negative-pressure duct (7).

Abstract: A method of cold starting an internal-combustion engine includes the steps of rotating the engine crankshaft by a starter motor to initiate cold starting; and during initial work cycles of the cold start, controlling, by an engine control device, the cylinder valves, the fuel injection device and the ignition device belonging to at least one selected cylinder, such as to operate the selected cylinder in a delayed intake opening mode.

Abstract: An engine valve assembly for an internal-combustion engine includes an engine valve having open and closed positions and a first oscillating mass; a closing spring connected to the valve for urging it into its closed position. The assembly has an electromagnetic actuator which operates the valve and which includes a first and a second electromagnet having respective first and second pole faces oriented toward one another and defining a space therebetween; an armature movable back and forth in the space between the first and second pole faces; and a guide bar affixed to the armature. The guide bar has an end oriented toward the valve and defining therewith a valve clearance when the valve is in its closed position and the armature is in contact with one of the electromagnets. The armature and the guide bar together have a second oscillating mass which is at least twice the first oscillating mass.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator includes an electromagnet; and an armature movable toward the electromagnet by an electromagnetic force generated upon energization of the electromagnet. The armature is connectable to a setting member displaced as a function of armature motions. The electromagnetic actuator further has a resetting spring which opposes the electromagnetic force and which has a first end supported in a housing and a second end; and at least one jointed connecting arrangement interposed between the resetting spring and the armature for supporting the armature on the second end of the resetting spring.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator includes an electromagnet having a pole face, an energized state for generating an electromagnetic force and a de-energized state; and an armature movable towards and away from the pole face in a travel path extending from a first end position remote from the pole face to a second end position at the pole face. The armature assumes the second end position in the energized state of the electromagnet. A return spring urges the armature away from the pole face and toward the first end position. Further, a fluid damping unit is provided for braking a motion of the armature along a terminal portion of its travel path shortly before its arrival into at least one of the end positions for effecting a soft arrival of the armature into such end position.

Abstract: A method for controlling armature movement in an electromagnetic circuit includes the steps of providing two spaced, facing electromagnets and an armature movable between the two electromagnets along a motion path; alternatingly energizing the two electromagnets for causing a reciprocating motion of the armature; detecting the actual moments of passage of the armature during each motion from one electromagnet to the other at least at two consecutive locations along the motion path; comparing signals representing the actual moments of passage with signals representing desired moments of passage of the armature at the two locations; and dependent upon deviations determined in the signal-comparing step, controlling the moment of de-energizing the momentarily releasing electromagnet and controlling the moment of energizing the momentarily catching electromagnet.

Abstract: A combination of a cylinder valve of an internal-combustion engine with an electromagnetic assembly for operating the valve. The electromagnetic assembly includes an electromagnetic actuator having first and second electromagnets supported in a spaced relationship with respect to one another, an armature movable between the first and second electromagnets and connected to the valve for moving it between open and closed positions. The electromagnetic assembly further includes a first control device for energizing the electromagnets to cause a motion of the valve by electromagnetic forces generated by the first and second electromagnets; and first and second pressurizable resetting gas springs operatively coupled to the armature to oppose motions thereof caused by the electromagnetic forces generated by the first and second electromagnets, respectively. A pressure supply device supplies pressure to the first and second resetting gas springs.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator includes an electromagnet having a yoke and an operating coil supported by the yoke and connectable to a controllable current supply for effecting a current flow through said operating coil. An armature is movable from a first position remote from the pole face of the electromagnet to a second, pole face-engaging position in response to a first electromagnetic force generated by a current flow through the operating coil. A resetting spring is coupled to the armature and opposes the first electromagnetic force. Further, a circuit is provided which is formed of a braking coil supported by the yoke and a switching element having open and closed states. The circuit is closed in the closed state of the switching element and is in the open state of the switching element.

Abstract: A method of operating an electromagnetic actuator for actuating a setting member wherein the actuator includes at least one electromagnet supplied with current by a control device, and an armature that is operatively connected with the setting member to be actuated and which can be brought out of a first set position, counter to a force of a restoring spring, into a second set position, in which the armature is in contact with the pole face of the electromagnet, when the electromagnet is supplied with current. The change in the setting force of the restoring spring is detected, at least during part of the armature motion, and the respective position of the armature and/or its moving speed is or are derived from this. The derived value is used to check and/or influence the actuation of the electromagnet.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator for actuating a gas-exchange valve in a reciprocating internal combustion engine, the electromagnetic actuator comprising: an armature which is operatively connected to the gas-exchange valve; two electromagnets, each having a pole face; two oppositely oriented restoring springs; wherein the armature is guided in a reciprocating manner counter to the force of the two oppositely oriented restoring springs between the pole faces of the two electromagnets whose current supply can be controlled by a control device, the two electromagnets being disposed in mutual spacing and acting as opening and closing devices; and at least one additional mass which is associated with the gas-exchange valve and can be guided so that it is movable relative thereto and in the same direction of the gas-exchange valve, the at least one additional mass entering into operative connection with the gas-exchange valve, in the final phase of the armature's motion in the direction of a respective one of the two

Abstract: A process is disclosed for controlling a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine in which exhaust gases undergo subsequent treatment. To ensure a gaseous exchange, air is supplied to the individual cylinders through inlet devices and exhaust gases are discharged through outlet or exhaust devices. The inlet and outlet devices are independently driven but their opening and closing times may be synchronized. Beginning in the cold start phase until the warming up phase, fuel is supplied to only part of the cylinders that act as an engine and the supply of fuel to the other cylinders is cut off. The other cylinders work then as compressors. The air volume heated in these cylinders by compression flows through the outlet device into the exhaust gas system and reacts with the exhaust gases.

Abstract: An actuator for moving a setting member includes a force-generating device; a transmitting member for transmitting a force from the force-generating device to the setting member; a carrier spaced from the transmitting member; and first and second suspension elements spaced from one another parallel to the direction of motion of the transmitting member and being attached to the carrier and the transmitting member for supporting and frictionlessly guiding the transmitting member in motions thereof.