Abstract: Electronics mounted on a printed circuit board are housed within a high conductivity case with connecting pins extending therethrough. The case is filled with thermally conductive potting material to provide thermal conduction from the printed circuit board to the case. The case may be a conduit having open ends through which the printed circuit board is inserted or it may comprise a cover mounted to a base plate.

Abstract: In a method for operating a drive train for a motor vehicle including a transmission with a hydraulic torque converter having a converter lockup clutch which can be activated by a working pressure acting on a piston under engine overrun conditions when an increased internal pressure is produced in the torque converter which acts on the piston counteracting the operating pressure of the converter lockup clutch so that it cannot be closed, at least one operational variable of the motor vehicle is monitored and if the operational variable exceeds a threshold value the rotational speed ratio between the turbine wheel and pump wheel is reduced by changing the engine speed and/or the transmission ratio in order to activate the lock-up clutch.

Abstract: A power converter nearly losslessly delivers energy and recovers energy from capacitors associated with controlled rectifiers in a secondary winding circuit, each controlled rectifier having a parallel uncontrolled rectifier. First and second primary switches in series with first and second primary windings, respectively, are turned on for a fixed duty cycle, each for approximately one half of the switching cycle. Switched transition times are short relative to the on-state and off-state times of the controlled rectifiers. The control inputs to the controlled rectifiers are cross-coupled from opposite secondary transformer windings.

Abstract: In a power converter, the duty cycle of a primary winding circuit causes near continuous flow of power through the primary and secondary winding circuits during normal operation. By providing no regulation during normal operation, a very efficient circuit is obtained with a synchronous rectifier in the secondary operating at all times. However, during certain conditions such as start up or a short-circuit, the duty cycle of the primary may be reduced to cause freewheeling periods. A normally non-regulating isolation stage may be followed by plural non-isolating regulation stages. To simplify the gate drive, the synchronous rectifiers may be allowed to turn off for a portion of the cycle when the duty cycle is reduced. A filter inductance of the secondary winding circuit is sufficient to minimize ripple during normal operation, but allows large ripple when the duty cycle is reduced. By accepting large ripple during other than normal operation, a smaller filter inductance can be used.

Abstract: A power converter nearly losslessly delivers energy and recovers energy from capacitors associated with controlled rectifiers in a secondary winding circuit, each controlled rectifier having a parallel uncontrolled rectifier. First and second primary switches in series with first and second primary windings, respectively, are turned on for a fixed duty cycle, each for approximately one half of the switching cycle. Switched transition times are short relative to the on-state and off-state times of the controlled rectifiers. The control inputs to the controlled rectifiers are cross-coupled from opposite secondary transformer windings.

Abstract: In a method for operating a drive train for a motor vehicle including a transmission with a hydraulic torque converter having a converter lockup clutch which can be activated by a working pressure acting on a piston under engine overrun conditions when an increased internal pressure is produced in the torque converter which acts on the piston counteracting the operating pressure of the converter lockup clutch so that it cannot be closed, at least one operational variable of the motor vehicle is monitored and if the operational variable exceeds a threshold value the rotational speed ratio between the turbine wheel and pump wheel is reduced by changing the engine speed and/or the transmission ratio in order to activate the lock-up clutch.

Abstract: A charge pump generates gate control voltage in a DC/DC converter. The input voltage to the charge pump may vary. To reduce noise at higher input voltages, a variable resistance is included in the charge pump and that resistance is controlled to vary with the input voltage.

Abstract: A power converter nearly losslessly delivers energy and recovers energy from capacitors associated with controlled rectifiers in a secondary winding circuit, each controlled rectifier having a parallel uncontrolled rectifier. First and second primary switches in series with first and second primary windings, respectively, are turned on for a fixed duty cycle, each for approximately one half of the switching cycle. Switched transition times are short relative to the on-state and off-state times of the controlled rectifiers. The control inputs to the controlled rectifiers are cross-coupled from opposite secondary transformer windings.

Abstract: A DC to DC power converter includes synchronous rectifiers which respond to a control waveform. Negative current from a load into the power converter is prevented by increasing the converter output voltage at a minimum current limit. The synchronous rectifiers may be held off in response to decision logic by activation of a hold-off circuit connected to a control terminal of a synchronous rectifier or of an ORing transistor at the converter output. When the synchronous rectifier is subsequently enabled, its control waveform may be increased slowly relative to the switching cycle.

Abstract: A device comprising an outer portion comprising an electrically insulative material, having dimensions effective to prevent or inhibit plasma arcing to an electrically conductive surface of a plasma processing chamber aperture and an inner opening, completely surrounded by the electrically insulative material of the outer portion, having dimensions effective to enable transmission of a physical signal or a gas, gas mixture or other material through the device.