Abstract: A heat tone sensor includes a housing with a gas inlet and with a gas outlet as well as a device for generating a gas stream of a gas to be tested between the gas inlet and the gas outlet. A measuring element, around and/or through which the gas stream flows, is configured to catalytically burn at least a portion of the gas stream and to send a measurement signal. The measurement signal indicates a quantity of heat released in the process.

Abstract: An apparatus that calibrates a parametric mapping that maps between object points and image points. The apparatus captures an image of a calibration pattern including features defining object points. The apparatus determines, from the image, measured image points that correspond to the object points. The apparatus determines, from the mapping, putative image points that correspond to the object points. The apparatus minimizes a cumulative cost function dependent upon differences between the measured image points and putative image points to determine parameters of the parametric mapping. The mapping uses a parametric function to specify points where light rays travelling from object points to image points cross the optical axis.

Abstract: An apparatus that calibrates a parametric mapping that maps between object points and image points. The apparatus captures an image of a calibration pattern including features defining object points. The apparatus determines, from the image, measured image points that correspond to the object points. The apparatus determines, from the mapping, putative image points that correspond to the object points. The apparatus minimizes a cumulative cost function dependent upon differences between the measured image points and putative image points to determine parameters of the parametric mapping. The mapping uses a parametric function to specify points where light rays travelling from object points to image points cross the optical axis.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program wherein the apparatus includes an optical arrangement including an image source and an exit pupil wherein the exit pupil is configured to be positioned proximate to an eye of a user to enable a user to view an image from the image source; and wherein the apparatus is configured to control a size and location of the exit pupil of the optical arrangement in response to a determination of a size and location of a pupil of the eye.

Abstract: An apparatus and method, the apparatus including a light guide element including a plurality of input diffraction gratings configured to couple a plurality of incident beams of light into the light guide element and at least one output diffraction grating configured to couple the plurality of beams of light out of the light guide element to at least one image sensor to enable a plurality of images to be captured.

Abstract: A heat tone sensor includes a housing with a gas inlet and with a gas outlet as well as a device for generating a gas stream of a gas to be tested between the gas inlet and the gas outlet. A measuring element, around and/or through which the gas stream flows, is configured to catalytically burn at least a portion of the gas stream and to send a measurement signal. The measurement signal indicates a quantity of heat released in the process.

Abstract: An apparatus and method, the apparatus including a light guide element including a plurality of input diffraction gratings configured to couple a plurality of incident beams of light into the light guide element and at least one output diffraction grating configured to couple the plurality of beams of light out of the light guide element to at least one image sensor to enable a plurality of images to be captured.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program wherein the apparatus includes an optical arrangement including an image source and an exit pupil wherein the exit pupil is configured to be positioned proximate to an eye of a user to enable a user to view an image from the image source; and wherein the apparatus is configured to control a size and location of the exit pupil of the optical arrangement in response to a determination of a size and location of a pupil of the eye.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method is provided. An apparatus including at least one color separation diffraction grating configured to direct different spectral components of incident light in different directions; one or more further diffraction gratings configured to at least partially compensate for dispersion in one or more of the different spectral components of light; and one or more image sensors configured to detect the one or more dispersion compensated spectral components of light.

Abstract: A near-eye display device has a multi-color light source, a micro display, an optical system and a light guide. The optical system collimates and redirects light from the micro display to an optical axis of the device. The light guide comprises multiple color-specific layers, an in-coupling diffraction grating through which light from the source enters the light guide, and an out-coupling diffraction grating through which light from the light guide exits towards the micro display. Two distinct embodiments are detailed: each different color-specific layer of the light guide is defined by a different refractive index; or by a different color-specific filter. In one example there is one in-coupling diffraction grating through which all light from the source enters the light guide; in another there are at least first and second in-coupling diffraction gratings on opposed light guide surfaces through which different colors enter the light guide.

Abstract: A near-eye display device has a multi-color light source, a micro display, an optical system and a light guide. The optical system collimates and redirects light from the micro display to an optical axis of the device. The light guide comprises multiple color-specific layers, an in-coupling diffraction grating through which light from the source enters the light guide, and an out-coupling diffraction grating through which light from the light guide exits towards the micro display. Two distinct embodiments are detailed: each different color-specific layer of the light guide is defined by a different refractive index; or by a different color-specific filter. In one example there is one in-coupling diffraction grating through which all light from the source enters the light guide; in another there are at least first and second in-coupling diffraction gratings on opposed light guide surfaces through which different colors enter the light guide.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer program product are provided to facilitate determining representations of displayed information based on focus distance. In the context of a method, a focus distance of a user is determined. The method may also determine a representation of the data based on the focus distance. The method may also cause a presentation of the representation on a display.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer program product are provided to facilitate performing focus correction of displayed information. In the context of a method, a focus distance of a user is determined. The method may also determine determining at least one focal point setting for one or more dynamic focus optical components of a display based on the focus distance. The method may also cause a configuring of the one or more dynamic focus optical components based on the at least one focal point setting to present a representation of data on the display.

Abstract: The display device (10,20,30) according to the invention comprises at least a layer of substantially transparent substrate (S), a pinhole mask (M) carrying an array of pinholes (H) and arranged in front of said substrate (S) each pinhole (H) corresponding to a single pixel, and an array of electrically controllable refractive or diffractive lenses (L) or corresponding optical components arranged between said substrate (S) and said pinhole mask (M) to affect in an electrically controlled manner the divergence of the light travelling through said substrate (S) towards said pinhole mask (M). The invention may be used to create transmissive, reflective or fluorescent displays with high contrast and high brightness.

Abstract: A direct view display device based on light reflection and diffraction from a deformable material layer under influence of an electric field. The display device comprises a plurality of pixel cells, each cell has at least a first prism surface to support the deformable material, such that when the electric field is off, a light beam travels through the first prism surface and the deformable material is reflected via total internal reflection through the first prism surface to a second prism surface, whereby the light beam is directed toward a beam blocker. When the electric field is on, the deformable material forms a rippled surface to diffract the encountering light beam, allowing part of the light beam to avoid the beam blocker. A microlens is used for each pixel cell to focus the light beam at the beam blocker.

Abstract: An optical component for changing angular magnification of an imaging device. The optical component comprises a chamber having a first substrate on one side and a second substrate on the opposite side for separately disposing a first liquid drop and a second liquid drop along an optical axis. The chamber is also filled with a liquid, which is different from the first and second liquid drops. The optical component also has a first electrode adjacent to the first side, a second electrode adjacent to the second side, and a third electrode layer between the first and second electrode layers for applying different electric fields on the first and second liquid drops to change the focal lengths of the first and second liquid drops, without changing the sum of the focal lengths.

Abstract: The invention refers to electrically controlled optical switching devices which are based on the use of a layer of dielectric and transparent viscoelastic material (G) located between transparent first (ES1) and transparent second (ES2) electrode structures. According to the invention, the first (ES1) and second (ES2) electrode structures are arranged in a manner that the thickness of the layer of the viscoelastic material (G) can be electrically altered maintaining the thickness of said layer substantially equal. This makes it possible to realize a generic, electrically controlled variable thickness plate (30). The generic variable thickness plate (30) can be further used to create optical switching devices based on a Fabry Perot Interferometer or a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer.

Abstract: The invention refers to electrically reconfigurable optical devices based on the use of a layer of dielectric and transparent viscoelastic material (G) opposing at least a first electrode structure (ES1). According to the invention the arrangement of the individual electrode zones in the first electrode structure (ES1) in order to deform the viscoelastic layer (G) complies with one of the following alternatives. According to the first alternative, the electrode zones of the first electrode structure (ES1) are grouped into groups composed of two or more adjacent electrode zones and within each of said groups individual electrode zones are supplied each with a substantially different voltage. According to the second alternative, the electrode zones of the first electrode structure (ES1) are substantially annular, elliptical, rectangular or polygonal closed-loop electrodes. The invention allows, for example, for creating electrically reconfigurable blazed gratings (30) or Fresnel zone lenses (40).

Abstract: An optical component for changing angular magnification of an imaging device. The optical component comprises a chamber having a first substrate on one side and a second substrate on the opposite side for separately disposing a first liquid drop and a second liquid drop along an optical axis. The chamber is also filled with a liquid, which is different from the first and second liquid drops. The optical component also has a first electrode adjacent to the first side, a second electrode adjacent to the second side, and a third electrode layer between the first and second electrode layers for applying different electric fields on the first and second liquid drops to change the focal lengths of the first and second liquid drops, without changing the sum of the focal lengths.

Abstract: A direct view display device based on light reflection and diffraction from a deformable material layer under influence of an electric field. The display device comprises a plurality of pixel cells, each cell has at least a first prism surface to support the deformable material, such that when the electric field is off, a light beam travels through the first prism surface and the deformable material is reflected via total internal reflection through the first prism surface to a second prism surface, whereby the light beam is directed toward a beam blocker. When the electric field is on, the deformable material forms a rippled surface to diffract the encountering light beam, allowing part of the light beam to avoid the beam blocker. A microlens is used for each pixel cell to focus the light beam at the beam blocker.