Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the continuous and controlled application of liquor on an absorptive, compressible material web such as textile webs, warp yarn layers or vleeces. One or more liquors are applied in amounts being comprised between the values of water retention capacity and saturation. The liquor containing web is passed through an equalizing device wherein the web is drawn through an equalizing nip or slit whose thickness is adjustable and smaller than the thickness of the incoming, liquor containing material web. The equalizing may be effected in the nip of two rollers. The liquor concentration in the web before and after the equalizing is statistically the same.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the continuous and controlled application of liquor on an absorptive, compressible material web such as textile webs, warp yarn layers or fleeces. One or more liquors are applied in amounts being comprised between the values of water retention capacity and saturation. The liquor containing web is passed through an equalizing device wherein the web is drawn through an equalizing nip or slit whose thickness is adjustable and smaller than the thickness of the incoming, liquor containing material web. The equalizing may be effected in the nip of two rollers. The liquor concentration in the web before and after the equalizing is statistically the same.

Abstract: The process and apparatuses for the continuous application of liquors to a moving textile fiber web by the methods of metering roller application or pad mangle application, to be selected and changed-over at will. Elements of one application mode are also used, with other functions, for the other mode. The textile web need not be withdrawn from the apparatus and reintroduced along another path during or after change-over from one mode to the other.

Abstract: A method for the continuous and uniform application of controlled amounts of treating liquor on a liquid receptive material web comprising passing the web over a counter-roll having a resilient, non-skid surface and then passing the web onto an applicator roll with a metallic cylinder surface that has been dipped into a vat of treating liquor and making the treating liquor a uniform film on the roll. The treating liquor is tested before use by placing a quantity of the liquor in a mixing container, rotating the container for a first period and measuring the volume of treating liquor plus foam that develops in the container, and making two subsequent volume readings after further periods of time, adding all of the volume readings and comparing the sum with a standard value, and also determining that each volume reading is less than the preceding reading, and rejecting treating liquor which does not meet the foregoing requirements.