Abstract: The invention relates to flame-retardant thermoset compositions which comprise, as flame retardant, at least one phosphinic salt of the formula (I) and/or a diphosphinic salt of the formula (II) and/or polymers of these 1

Abstract: The invention relates to polymeric phosphinic acids and their salts of the formula (I) in which X is hydrogen or a 1/m metal of valency m, R1 and R2 are identical or different and are hydrogen, a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid derivative, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl or alkyl-substituted aromatics, R3 and R4 are identical or different and are hydrogen or a vinyl group of the formula (VI) —CR1═CHR2  (VI) in which R1 and R2 have the abovementioned meaning, and {overscore (u)} is the average number of monomer units. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the abovementioned compounds and their use.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymeric phosphinic acids and their salts of the formula (I) 1

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid which comprises reacting ethyne (acetylene) with methyl phophonous acid. The invention further relates to the use of the ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid prepared by this process for preparing flame retardants or preparing other phosphorus-containing products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing ethylenediphosphonic acids of the formula I, where R1 and R2 may be identical or different and are hydrogen, a carboxy group, a carboxylic acid derivative, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, or alkyl-substituted aromatic systems, which comprises reacting phosphorous acid (H3PO3) directly with alkynes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing ethanebis(alkylphosphinic) acids by a) reacting elemental yellow phosphorus with alkyl halides in the presence of alkali metal hydroxide or of alkaline earth metal hydroxide to give a mixture whose main constituents are the alkali metal salts and/or alkaline earth metal salts of alkylphosphonous, phosphorous, and hypophosphorous acid, b) liberating alkylphosphonous, phosphorous, and hypophosphorous acid by adding mineral acids, and also at the same time precipitating the alkali metal ions and, respectively, alkaline earth metal ions in the form of their salt of the mineral acids, and then c) esterifying the alkylphosphonous acid from the mixture of the alkylphosphonous, phosphorous, and hypophosphorous acid, d) isolating the ester of alkylphosphonous acid from the mixture and hydrolyzing the same to give alkylphosphonous acid, and e) preparing, from the alkylphosphonous acid, the corresponding ethanebis(alkylphosphinic) acid of the general formula (I) wher

Abstract: The invention relates to polymeric phosphinic acids and their salts of the formula (I) in which X is hydrogen or a 1/m metal of valency m, R1 and R2 are identical or different and are hydrogen, a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid derivative, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl or alkyl-substituted aromatics, R3 and R4 are identical or different and are hydrogen or a vinyl group of the formula (VI)  in which R1 and R2 have the abovementioned meaning, and {overscore (u)} is the average number of monomer units. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the abovementioned compounds and their use.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing ethanebis(alkylphosphinic) acids by

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of alkylphosphonic acids, which comprises reacting phosphorous acid (H3PO3) with short-chain olefins, and to the use of the products prepared by this process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing ethylenediphosphonic acids of the formula I, 1

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid which comprises reacting ethyne (acetylene) with methyl phophonous acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of phosphinic acids from alkali metal phosphinates, which comprises reacting alkali metal phosphinates in a polar solvent with an inorganic mineral acid and then separating off the phosphinic acid formed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of flame-resistant flexible polyurethane foams having a low susceptibility to core discoloration, which comprises using hydroxyalkyl phosphonates as halogen-free flame retardants and as core discoloration inhibitors. The invention furthermore relates to the use of hydroxyalkyl phosphonates as halogen-free flame retardants for the production of flame-resistant flexible polyurethane foams having a low susceptibility to core discoloration. Finally the invention also relates to a flame resistant flexible polyurethane foam having a low susceptibility to core discoloration which comprises hydroxyalkyl phosphonates as halogen-free flame retardants and as core discoloration inhibitor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of dialkylphosphinic acids and salts thereof, which comprises a) reacting elemental yellow phosphorus with alkylating agents in the presence of a base to give a mixture which comprises, as principal constituents, the (metal) salts of alkylphosphonous, phosphorous and hypophosphorous acids, b) esterifying the principal constituents of the mixture from a) to give an ester mixture, c) isolating the ester of the alkylphosphonous acid from the ester mixture, d) preparing the corresponding ester of the dialkylphosphinic acid from the ester of the alkylphosphonous acid by free-radical-initiated reaction with olefins, e) converting the ester of the dialkylphosphinic acid into the free acid or into the dialkylphosphinic acid salts of metals from groups IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, VA, IIB, IVB, VIIB or VIIIB of the Periodic Table or of cerium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of phosphinic acid esters, which comprises a) reacting elemental yellow phosphorus with alkylating agents in the presence of a base to give a mixture which comprises, as principal constituents, the (metal) salts of alkylphosphonous, phosphorous and hypophosphorous acids, b) esterifying the principal constituents of the mixture from a) to give an ester mixture, c) isolating the ester of the alkylphosphonous acid from the ester mixture, d) adding the resultant ester of the alkylphosphonous acid onto an olefin containing a functional group. The invention likewise relates to the use of the phosphinic acid esters prepared by this process, inter alia as flame retardants and precursors for further syntheses.

Abstract: The flame-resistant polyurethanes of the invention comprise, as flameproofing agents, mixtures of oligomeric phosphoric acid esters which carry hydroxyalkoxy groups, of the formula I ##STR1## in which q denotes an average chain length of 0.5 to 10, R.sub.1 is a hydroxyl-containing radical of the formula II a,R.sub.2 is a radical of the formula III ##STR2## R.sub.3 is a radical of the formula II b, R.sub.4 is R.sub.1 or R.sub.3 ; R.sub.5,R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are an H atom or an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m is 0 to 4 and n is 1 to 4.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of mixtures of oligomeric phosphoric acid esters of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which n is a number from 0 to 8,R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.7 are identical or different and are a halogen-free alkyl or aryl radical or a hydroxyl-containing radical of the formula II and R.sub.4 is a radical of the formula III ##STR2## in which, in the formulae II and III, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical and m is a number from 1 to 4, which comprises reacting, in a first stage, aliphatic or araliphatic alcohols and/or phenols with phosphorus pentoxide (P.sub.4 O.sub.10) in a molar ratio of (2.8 to 6.0):1.0 (alcohol/phenol: P.sub.4 O.sub.10) at a temperature from 20.degree. to 100.degree. C. in the course of 0.5 to 72 hours, a polyphosphoric acid partial ester mixture of the formula V ##STR3## which R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2 ', R.sub.3 ' and R.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to mixtures of oligomeric phosphoric acid esters which carry hydroxyalkoxy groups, of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is a hydroxyl-containing radical of the formula IIa,R.sub.2 is a radical of the formula III ##STR2## R.sub.3 is a radical of the formula IIb, R.sub.4 is R.sub.1 or R.sub.3 ; R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are an H atom or an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m is 0 to 4, n is 1 to 4 q is 0 to 20 and q (the mean) is 0.5 to 10.The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the mixtures and to their use as reactive flameproofing agents in polyurethane foams.

Abstract: A flame-retardant plastic molding composition of improved stability comprises50 to 85% by weight, based on the total amount of the molding composition, of an olefin polymer and15 to 50% by weight, based on the total amount of the molding composition, of a flameproofing system comprising 80 to 50% by weight of an ammonium polyphosphate of the formula (NH.sub.4 PO.sub.3).sub.n, in which n is a number from 200 to 1000 (=component A) and50 to 20% by weight of a reaction product of tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) of the formula ##STR1## with an aromatic polycarboxylic acid of the formulaAr(COOH).sub.m(=component B).As a result of the flameproofing system to be employed according to the invention, not only is the processing temperature of the plastics molding composition increased, but the water-solubility of components of the molding composition after processing is reduced significantly.