Abstract: Process for enantioselectively hydrogenating prochiral ketones to (S)-alcohols using platinum catalysts in the presence of cinchonines or quinidines as modifiers and in the presence of hydrogen, which is characterized in that the modifiers used are cinchonines unsubstituted in the 3-position, 3-ethylidenyl- or 9-methoxycinchonines or derivatives thereof in which the quinoline ring is replaced by other rings.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process of diastereoselective hydrogenation of 1,3-hydroxyketones of formula (I) 1

Abstract: A process for the heterogeneous and enantioselective hydrogenation of prochiral organic &agr;-keto compounds with platinum as the catalyst in the presence of a soluble or immobilized chiral aromatic nitrogen base with at least one basic nitrogen atom adjacent to stereogenic carbon atoms, whereby prochiral &agr;-ketoacetals are hydrogenated to optically active &agr;-hydroxyacetals.

Abstract: Process for enantioselectively hydrogenating prochiralen ketones to (S)-alcohols using platinum catalysts in the presence of cinchonines or quinidines as modifiers and in the presence of hydrogen, which is characterized in that the modifiers used are cinchonines unsubstituted in the 3-position, 3-ethylidenyl- or 9-methoxycinchonines or derivatives thereof in which the quinoline ring is replaced by other rings.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for inhibiting the re-absorption of migrating dyes in the wash liquor, comprising introducing into a wash liquor containing a peroxide-containing detergent, from 0.5 to 150, preferably from 1.5 to 75, especially from 7.

Abstract: Optically active &agr;-hydroxyethers are prepared from prochiral &agr;-ketoethers by heterogeneous hydrogenation using platinum catalysts in the presence of a chiral nitrogen base in high chemical and optical yields, since this type of hydrogenation selectively hydrogenates only one diastereomer virtually to completion. The yields may be substantially increased by adding a solid, strong base which has a racemizing effect on the non-hydrogenatable diasteromer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel processes for the preparation of optically active 3-aminocarboxylic acids and their esters, in particular processes for the preparation of optically active compounds of the formula IA or IB 1

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a compound of formula 1

Abstract: Optically active &agr;-hydroxyethers are prepared from prochiral &agr;-ketoethers by heterogeneous hydrogenation using platinum catalysts in the presence of a chiral nitrogen base in high chemical and optical yields, since this type of hydrogenation selectively hydrogenates only one diastereomer virtually to completion. The yields may be substantially increased by adding a solid, strong base which has a racemizing effect on the non-hydrogenatable diasteromer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for inhibiting the re-absorption of migrating dyes in the wash liquor, comprising introducing into a wash liquor containing a peroxide-containing detergent, from 0.5 to 150 mg per liter of wash liquor, of one or more manganese containing compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for inhibiting the re-absorption of migrating dyes in the wash liquor, comprising introducing into a wash liquor containing a peroxide-containing detergent, from 0.5 to 150, preferably from 1.5 to 75, especially from 7.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for inhibiting the re-absorption of migrating dyes in the wash liquor, comprising introducing into a wash liquor containing a peroxide-containing detergent, from 0.5 to 150, preferably from 1.5 to 75, especially from 7.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel advantageous process for the stereoselective preparation of 2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyrates (HPB esters) and of their precursors. This is done by starting from readily accessible &agr;-unsaturated &agr;-hydroxy-&ggr;-keto esters which can be prepared by Claisen condensation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for inhibiting the re-absorption of migrating dyes in the wash liquor, comprising introducing into a wash liquor containing a peroxide-containing detergent, from 0.5 to 150, preferably from 1.5 to 75, especially from 7.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrogenation process for the preparation of aromatic amino compounds containing directly on the aryl ring or in a side chain one or more entities that may also undergo hydrogenation, such as carbon multiple bonds, nitrile groups, imino groups or carbonyl groups. The preparation is carried out by catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding aromatic nitro compounds in the presence of a phosphorus-modified noble metal catalyst. The invention relates also to the use of modified noble metal catalysts for the hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds containing carbon multiple bonds and/or substituted by nitrile, imino or carbonyl groups.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of N-phosphonomethylglycine salts by reacting a salt of N-phosphonomethyliminodiacetic acid, whereby the salt-forming cation is selected from the group alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonium and organic ammonium, in the presence of oxygen in an aqueous-basic or aqueous solution and in the presence of a noble metal catalyst on a solid carrier, under excess pressure and at elevated temperature, the process being characterised by the fact that (a) the noble metal is selected from the group platinum, palladium or mixtures of palladium and platinum, and platinum or palladium individually or together in a mixture with ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium, and (b) it is additionally admixed with at least one doping metal from the group bismuth, lead, tin, tellurium, germanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, manganese, molybdenum and tungsten. The known herbicide N-phosphonomethylglycine may be prepared from N-phosphono-methyliminodiacetic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrogenation process for the production of aromatic halogen-amino compounds by means of catalytic hydrogenation on noble metal catalysts of corresponding aromatic halonitro compounds, characterised in that a rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, platinum or palladium catalyst which is modified with an inorganic or organic phosphorus compound with a degree of oxidation of less than V, is used, in the presence of a vanadium compound.

Abstract: One object of the invention is a process for the catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds in solution or in melt in the presence of hydrogen and at least one noble metal catalyst, nickel catalyst or cobalt catalyst, in which process a catalytic amount of at least one vanadium compound is present, wherein the vanadium has the oxidation state 0, II, IV or V. It has been found that in the catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds the accumulation of hydroxylamines can be almost completely prevented by the addition of catalytic amounts of vanadium compounds, which usually results in concentrations of <1% hydroxylamine. The resulting hydrogenated products are whiter (purer) than those obtained without the addition of the vanadium compound because almost no azo or azoxy compounds are obtained. The hydrogenation, in particular the final phase, proceeds faster than without said addition. Accordingly, substantial advantages with respect to quality constancy and economy are obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrogenation process for the production of aromatic halogen-amino compounds by means of catalytic hydrogenation on noble metal catalysts of corresponding aromatic halonitro compounds, characterised in that a rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, platinum or palladium catalyst which is modified with an inorganic or organic phosphorus compound with a degree of oxidation of less than V, is used, in the presence of a vanadium compound.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## homogeneous and heterogeneous metal complexes thereof, and mixtures of said compounds and complexes, whereineach A is independently hydroxy or amino,T is carboxy or sulpho,T.sub.1 is hydrogen, nitro, halo, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy or sulpho,T.sub.2 is hydrogen, nitro, halo, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy or substituted alkoxy,X is hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, nitro, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy or sulpho, andY is hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, nitro, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy or ##STR2## wherein with the proviso that Y is-- ##STR3## when X is other than sulpho, Z is hydrogen, carboxy or a sulpho,Z.sub.1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, or substituted alkoxy, andZ.sub.2 is hydrogen or nitro.These dyes are useful for dyeing leather.