Abstract: An active optical sensor system is disclosed. The active optical sensor system includes a first light emitter and a second light emitter. The active optical sensor system includes a first and second energy storage element connected to a first and second light emitter respectively. The active optical sensor system also includes control circuitry configured to selectively charge the first and second energy storage elements, and discharge the energy storage elements via the light emitters in a first and second emission period respectively. The active optical sensor system also includes a monitoring unit coupled to the energy storage elements to compare a value of a monitoring signal representing the electrical energy stored by the energy storage elements with a predefined threshold value and generate a failure signal depending on the comparison.

Abstract: A crystalline salt of 2-[(1R)-3-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]-1-phenylpropyl]-4-methyl-phenol with (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, known under the name R-tolterodine tartarate, wherein: a) at least 90% of all crystals are present in a size smaller than 30 ?m, b) at least 40% of crystalline matter are smaller than 250 ?m, c) the maximum size of crystals does not exceed 800 ?m, d) the salt contains less than 0.1 weight % of the undesirable enantiomer S-tolterodine tartarate, e) analytical test for sulfate ashes (Pharm. Eur.) provides a value lower than 0.1%. The method of its preparation involves at least one crystallization from water. A pharmaceutical composition containing tolterodine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts further contains a filler, a disintegrant and a lubricant, said composition being free of ions of alkaline earth metals.

Abstract: Stabilization of the pharmaceutical active solid substance atorvastatin alone or in a mixture with other solid substances embedded in a gaseous mixture is carried out in such a manner that in the surrounding gaseous mixture a partial pressure of oxygen of at most 2 kPa, preferably less than 1 kPa, more preferably less than 0.4 kPa is maintained. The corresponding partial pressure is achieved either by use of oxygen absorbers, by packaging under a pressure of 0.3-10 kPa, or by packaging under a slight overpressure of an inert gas, preferably nitrogen, the gas being introduced, by means of nozzles, into the cavities, optionally also into the space of the press roller and of the wiper station.