Abstract: A reaction pathfinder system can leverage historical chemical reaction data and determine a synthesis route in a reaction network. The reaction pathfinder system can account for various performance criteria of chemical reactions such as a highest yield for a molecule or a minimal number of reaction steps. A reaction pathfinder system receives a user request for a synthesis route including one of a user-specified molecule or a user-specified reaction. The reaction pathfinder system may then query a reaction network that has various synthesis routes and represents reactions of reactants to produce respective molecules. The reaction network may be composed of molecule nodes and reaction nodes. The reaction pathfinder system determines, using the reaction network, the synthesis route from the synthesis routes to fulfill the user's request.

Abstract: An ultra-minute microscope for spectroscopy includes a rod-shaped lens having an index of refraction distribution gradient and capable of having a sample mounted on one end surface thereof, an element for projecting a laser beam into the rod-shaped lens from another end surface thereof and converging it to a focal point at an interface region between the one end surface of the rod-shaped lens and the sample, and a scanner for varying the incidence angle of the laser beam to scan the focal point two-dimensionally on the one end surface.