Abstract: A method and apparatus for integrating and instantiating custom applications in a multi-application smart card system are described. In one embodiment, the method includes receiving an indication that a mobile device is present, where the mobile device includes a first set of one or more mobile device applications, and where each mobile device application is associated with one or more of a second set of framework applications. The method also includes selecting a mobile device application from the first set. The method also includes selecting a framework application from the second set, wherein the mobile device application is associated with the framework application. The method further includes activating the framework application, wherein activating includes successfully authenticating device; and after activating the framework application, receiving transaction data from the mobile device application.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of separating the components of a liquid/liquid dispersion or emulsion, comprising the step of applying simultaneously to the dispersion or emulsion both an electric field and an aligned centrifugal force, in such a way as to set up a bulk interface at right angles to the direction of the electric field and centrifugal force, the bulk interface being located within the electric field between the dispersion or emulsion and one separated component thereof. The combined effects of the electric field and centrifugal force break the liquid emulsion, preventing the formation of a sponge layer at the interface and hence allowing more effective separation of the components than has previously been possible. The invention also provides apparatus for carrying out the claimed method of separation.