Abstract: A method for electric welding a workpiece arrangement having at least one workpiece with the aid of a robot arrangement including at least one robot. A rotational movement is carried out between the workpiece arrangement to be welded and at least one welding electrode which contacts the workpiece arrangement. The rotational movement is started as a function of a commanded and/or detected welding start and/or ended as a function of a commanded and/or detected welding end. The direction of rotation of the movement may be changed as a function of a predefined parameter during contact between the welding electrode and the workpiece arrangement.

Abstract: A method for electric welding a workpiece arrangement having at least one workpiece with the aid of a robot arrangement including at least one robot. A rotational movement is carried out between the workpiece arrangement to be welded and at least one welding electrode which contacts the workpiece arrangement. The rotational movement is started as a function of a commanded and/or detected welding start and/or ended as a function of a commanded and/or detected welding end. The direction of rotation of the movement may be changed as a function of a predefined parameter during contact between the welding electrode and the workpiece arrangement.

Abstract: A sensor element is used to detect a physical property of a measuring gas, preferably to determine the oxygen content or the temperature of an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. The sensor element contains a first solid electrolyte layer and a second solid electrolyte layer. A first printed conductor and a second printed conductor are provided on opposite sides of the first solid electrolyte layer, the first printed conductor including a first electrode and a feed line to the first electrode, and the second printed conductor including a second electrode and a feed line to the second electrode. A third printed conductor, which includes a third electrode and a feed line to the third electrode, is provided on the second solid electrolyte layer. The second printed conductor is positioned between the third electrode and the first printed conductor.

Abstract: In an apparatus that ascertains a concentration of a component in a gas mixture, the apparatus includes: a gas measurement chamber, in which the concentration of the component is adjustable against an influence of an interface, acting across a diffusion barrier, with the concentration in the gas mixture, whereby the influence of the interface is compensated for by a controllable current of ions of the component by way of a solid electrolyte, which is charged with a controllable pumping voltage, serves as a pumping mechanism, and is located between the gas measurement chamber and the gas mixture, so that a parameter that characterizes a current constitutes a measurement for the concentration in the gas mixture, whereby the solid electrolyte is at least periodically charged with a specified constant pumping voltage as a function of at least one state parameter of the gas mixture.

Abstract: A catalytically active layer that is used, for example, as an electrode for a solid electrolyte-based sensor element of a gas sensor for determining a gas component in a gas mixture. The catalytically active layer includes a metallic component, that includes a noble metal in the form of platinum, rhodium, and/or palladium, and additionally a base metal. At least a portion of the originally present base metal is replaced by cavities in the metallic component.

Abstract: A sensor element which is used for determining a property of a measuring gas, e.g., for determining the concentration of a gas component in the measuring gas, has at least one electrode applied to one solid electrolyte, the electrode being in contact with the measuring gas via a diffusion path in which a diffusion barrier is situated. A means is provided in the region of the side of the diffusion barrier facing away from the electrode, the means reducing the diffusion cross section in the region of the side of the diffusion barrier facing away from the electrode.

Abstract: The reference air channel of a gas sensor or a lambda probe having a laminate body produced by printing technology is provided. The laminate body is produced by printing a suitably structured layer onto a neighboring layer, for example, by screen printing.

Abstract: A gas sensor is used for detecting a physical property of a measuring gas, preferably for determining the oxygen concentration of an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. The gas sensor includes a layered sensor element which has a measuring gas space, in which an electrode on a solid electrolyte is situated. The sensor element includes a first diffusion barrier and a second diffusion barrier and a cavity, situated between the first and the second diffusion barriers, the measuring gas space being connected to the measuring gas outside the sensor element via the first diffusion barrier, the cavity, and the second diffusion barrier.

Abstract: A method for operating a broadband lambda sensor for determining the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine operated with a fuel-air mixture is provided. In this method, a pump voltage (UP) is applied to the pump cell of the sensor, this voltage-being set dependent on a Nernst voltage (UN) tapped at the Nernst cell, and, dependent on the oxygen content of the exhaust gas, driving a cathodic or anodic pump current IP via the pump cell.

Abstract: A sensor system having a sensor for measuring a gas parameter of a test gas via a measuring element which is accommodated in a housing and projects therefrom at least on the test gas side at a protruding section, and a test-gas line, through which the test gas flows, having a sensor insertion opening and a receiving element for the housing surrounding the insertion opening and attached to the test-gas line. For the purpose of assembly-independent, reproducible alignment of the measuring element with respect to the test-gas flow during assembly of the sensor system, the receiving element bears an internal thread, the piercing point of which is oriented with respect to the test-gas flow, and the housing bears an external thread, which is able to be screwed into the internal thread and the piercing point of which is oriented with respect to the measuring element. The housing is fixed via a predefined tightening torque in the receiving element.

Abstract: A sensor element is used to detect a physical property of a measuring gas, preferably to determine the oxygen content or the temperature of an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. The sensor element contains a first solid electrolyte layer and a second solid electrolyte layer. A first printed conductor and a second printed conductor are provided on opposite sides of the first solid electrolyte layer, the first printed conductor including a first electrode and a feed line to the first electrode, and the second printed conductor including a second electrode and a feed line to the second electrode. A third printed conductor, which includes a third electrode and a feed line to the third electrode, is provided on the second solid electrolyte layer. The second printed conductor is positioned between the third electrode and the first printed conductor.

Abstract: The measuring sensor, particularly a lambda probe, has a ceramic sensor member retained at a high temperature during measuring operation. It is shielded from water droplets, carried along in the gas to be analyzed, by a heated protective housing, permeable for the gas to be analyzed, by which water droplets carried along in the direction of the sensor member are evaporated before reaching the sensor member. In this way, the water droplets are unable to cause any shock-like temperature drops at spots on the surface of the sensor member or material flaking.

Abstract: A gas sensor, in particular a lambda probe, for ascertaining the pollutant and/or oxygen content in emission gases of internal combustion engines, having a housing accommodating at least one sensor element, the sensor element having a section on the terminal side and a section on the measuring-gas side, and having a connecting element that connects the sensor element, which has a plurality of electrically conductive contact areas, at its terminal-side section to a plurality of electrically conductive supply leads. The gas sensor has the feature of a connecting element which is formed from a spring element produced in one piece from ceramic material.

Abstract: A catalytically active layer that is used, for example, as an electrode for a solid electrolyte-based sensor element of a gas sensor for determining a gas component in a gas mixture. The catalytically active layer includes a metallic component, that includes a noble metal in the form of platinum, rhodium, and/or palladium, and additionally a base metal. At least a portion of the originally present base metal is replaced by cavities in the metallic component.

Abstract: The reference air channel of a gas sensor or a lambda probe having a laminate body produced by printing technology is provided. The laminate body is produced by printing a suitably structured layer onto a neighboring layer, for example, by screen printing.

Abstract: The measuring sensor, particularly a lambda probe, has a ceramic sensor member retained at a high temperature during measuring operation. It is shielded from water droplets, carried along in the gas to be analyzed, by a heated protective housing, permeable for the gas to be analyzed, by which water droplets carried along in the direction of the sensor member are evaporated before reaching the sensor member. In this way, the water droplets are unable to cause any shock-like temperature drops at spots on the surface of the sensor member or material flaking.

Abstract: A sensor for determining an oxygen content in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine includes a receptacle, arranged in a longitudinal bore of a metal housing, for a sensing element. The sensing element is received in the receptacle in a gas-tight fashion via a sensing element seal, which includes a glass seal. The receptacle has a measured-gas-side ceramic shaped element and a connector-side ceramic shaped element, which are arranged axially one behind the other. A cavity into which the glass seal is pressed while hot is configured between the two ceramic shaped elements.

Abstract: A plate-shaped sensor element is proposed, in particular for determining the oxygen level in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. The sensor element has at least one measuring cell with an oxygen-ion-conducting solid electrolyte and a heating element, the measuring cell and the heating element being connected with an electrical insulation layer. The material of the insulation layer is made of at least one crystalline, non-metallic material and at least one glass-forming material, a glazing filled with the crystalline, non-metallic material being formed when the sensor element is sintered.

Abstract: A measuring sensor, in particular, for determining the oxygen content in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, includes a ceramic molding arranged in a metal housing for the accommodation of a sensor element, in particular, planar, the sensor element being sealed by a seal element made of warm-deformable temperature-resistant material. The molded housing is designed in one piece and has a cylindrically shaped longitudinal hole on the connector side, around the sensor element, and the seal element is compressed between a first compressing element on the measuring-gas side and a second compressing element on the connector side, such that it tightly encloses the sensor element and hermetically seals the sensor element with respect to the molded housing.

Abstract: A measuring device (e.g., an electrochemical sensor) has a sensor element arranged at a measuring point, the sensor element being arranged in a housing, which is linked via electrical connecting lines to an evaluation circuit away from the measuring point, and the electrical connecting lines being routed, at least in the vicinity of the measuring point, in a protective device. Provision is made that the protective device is joined, with a force-locking and form-locking fit, to the housing via an attachment device, which embraces (surrounds) the housing and the protective device, to form a sealing seat.