Abstract: Method for operating a group 1 of pressure sensors which are arranged in such a manner that they can measure the pressure in a common measurement volume 2, wherein the group of pressure sensors comprises at least a first pressure sensor 1? with a first pressure measurement range and a second pressure sensor 1? with a second pressure measurement range, wherein the first and second pressure measurement ranges overlap in an overlap pressure measurement range, wherein the first and second pressure sensors are each based on an indirect pressure measurement principle and are configured to output a measurement signal calibrated to a reference gas, and wherein the method comprises the steps of: a) providing calibration data specific to the type of gas for the first measurement signal and for the second measurement signal, which calibration data describe a dependence of the first and second measurement signals on the effective pressure and on a list of types of gas, respectively; b) recording a first and a second meas

Abstract: A method for operating a group of pressure sensors is provided. First and second pressure sensors respectively have first and second pressure measurement ranges, and are arranged to measure the pressure in a common measurement volume, and have measurement ranges that overlap in a range. The method comprises: aa) reading out first and second measurement signals respectively from the first and second pressure sensors substantially simultaneously while the pressure in the common measurement volume is in the overlapping range; bb) stipulating the first measurement signal which has been read out as the adjustment point for the second pressure sensor; cc) determining at least one calibration parameter, in particular a gas-dependent calibration parameter, for the second pressure sensor as a function of the first measurement signal, as a function of the adjustment point for the second pressure sensor, as stipulated in bb), and as a function of the second measurement signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ionization vacuum measuring cell (10) comprising an evacuable housing (12) with a measurement connection for a vacuum to be measured at an end portion; a measurement chamber (14) in the housing (12), said measurement chamber being fluidically connected to the measurement connection, wherein the measurement chamber (14) is designed as a replaceable component; and a first and a second electrode (16, 18) in the measurement chamber (14), said electrodes being substantially coaxial to an axis and being arranged at a distance from each other. The measuring cell further comprises an electrically insulating and vacuum-tight feedthrough (20) for an electric supply to the second electrode (18) and a magnetization assembly which is designed to generate a magnetic field in the ionization chamber. According to the invention, the measurement chamber (14), in particular at least one of the electrodes (16, 18), comprises a magnetic material.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ionization vacuum measuring cell (10) comprising an evacuable housing (12) with a measurement connection for a vacuum to be measured at an end portion; a measurement chamber (14) in the housing (12), said measurement chamber being fluidically connected to the measurement connection, wherein the measurement chamber (14) is designed as a replaceable component; and a first and a second electrode (16, 18) in the measurement chamber (14), said electrodes being substantially coaxial to an axis and being arranged at a distance from each other. The measuring cell further comprises an electrically insulating and vacuum-tight feedthrough (20) for an electric supply to the second electrode (18) and a magnetization assembly which is designed to generate a magnetic field in the ionization chamber. According to the invention, the measurement chamber (14), in particular at least one of the electrodes (16, 18), comprises a magnetic material.

Abstract: A pressure step is applied to the interior of a compartment. A sensor which measures the pressure within compartment, in response of the prevailing pressure level, and the transient step response oscillation frequency is used to identify the gas or gas mixture present in the compartment.

Abstract: Vacuum pressure of a gas in a compartment (1) is measured. The vacuum pressure is established by a pump arrangement (3,5) with a pulsating pumping effect (g(t)). The shape of the resulting pulsation of the pressure (p(t)) in compartment (1) is exploited (15) as an indication of the operation status of the pump arrangement (3,5).

Abstract: An ionization vacuum measuring cell comprises an anode (3A) and a cathode (4K) in a measuring chamber (107). The measuring chamber (107) is arranged in a housing (101) which has a vacuum-tight feedthrough (103) for a connection rod (104) of the cathode (4K) towards the outside. The measuring chamber (107) holds the rod (104) in a feedthrough (109) which is electrically insulating only. The measuring chamber (107) in the housing (101) can be exchanged by a releasable plug connection (106).

Abstract: Arrangement with capacitive pressure-measuring cell has a diaphragm for measuring vacuum pressure and a printed circuit board acting as a temperature sensor and another electronic component designed as a microchip that contains a digital signal processor with a temperature-to-digital converter and a capacitance-to-digital converter using a time measuring method. The converters determine temperature and capacitance of the cell in comparison to a reference resistor for temperature arranged on the printed circuit board and reference capacitor for capacitance for the pressure to be measured dependent on deformation of the diaphragm. A temperature-corrected pressure signal derived from the two measured signals uses correlation, the measured signals having been determined in advance from a calibration process, and the temperature-corrected pressure signal is provided as a pressure signal at the signal output for further processing. In this manner there is quick pressure measurement with high measuring accuracy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds according to Formula I: and salts thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and L are as defined herein. Methods for preparing compounds of Formula I are also provided. The present invention further includes methods of treating and preventing bacterial infections, and methods of identifying pGpG-binding domains in bacteria, using the compounds of Formula I.

Abstract: A resilient resorbable chemically crosslinked collagen sponge for promoting soft tissue volume augmentation in the oral region, comprising 60-96% (w/w) collagen and 4-40% (w/w) elastin, which shows by mercury intrusion porosimetry interconnected pores with a median pore diameter between 50 and 90 ?m and at least 80% porosity with a pore diameter more than 10 ?m, an onset temperature of 45 to 57° C. and a density in dry state from 50 to 65 mg/cm3. A process for preparing a resilient resorbable chemically crosslinked collagen sponge. A method of using a resilient resorbable chemically crosslinked collagen sponge as an implant in the oral cavity for soft tissue volume augmentation.

Abstract: A pressure step (ps) is applied to the interior of a compartment (1). By means of a sensor (5) which monitors the pressure within compartment (1), besides of the prevailing pressure level (pST), the transient step response oscillation frequency (fTSR) is registered as indicative of the gas or gas mixture present in the compartment (1).

Abstract: Vacuum pressure of a gas in a compartment (1) is measured. The vacuum pressure is established by a pump arrangement (3,5) with a pulsating pumping effect (g(t)). The shape of the resulting pulsation of the pressure (p(t)) in compartment (1) is exploited (15) as an indication of the operation status of the pump arrangement (3,5).

Abstract: A resilient resorbable chemically crosslinked collagen sponge for promoting soft tissue volume augmentation in the oral region, comprising 60-96% (w/w) collagen and 4-40% (w/w) elastin, which shows by mercury intrusion porosimetry interconnected pores with a median pore diameter between 50 and 90 ?m and at least 80% porosity with a pore diameter more than 10 ?m, an onset temperature of 45 to 57° C. and a density in dry state from 50 to 65 mg/cm3. A process for preparing a resilient resorbable chemically crosslinked collagen sponge. A method of using a resilient resorbable chemically crosslinked collagen sponge as an implant in the oral cavity for soft tissue volume augmentation.

Abstract: An ionization vacuum measuring cell comprises an anode (3A) and a cathode (4K) in a measuring chamber (107). The measuring chamber (107) is arranged in a housing (101) which has a vacuum-tight feedthrough (103) for a connection rod (104) of the cathode (4K) towards the outside. The measuring chamber (107) holds the rod (104) in a feedthrough (109) which is electrically insulating only. The measuring chamber (107) in the housing (101) can be exchanged by a releasable plug connection (106).

Abstract: Arrangement with capacitive pressure-measuring cell has a diaphragm for measuring vacuum pressure and a printed circuit board acting as a temperature sensor and another electronic component designed as a microchip that contains a digital signal processor with a temperature-to-digital converter and a capacitance-to-digital converter using a time measuring method. The converters determine temperature and capacitance of the cell in comparison to a reference resistor for temperature arranged on the printed circuit board and reference capacitor for capacitance for the pressure to be measured dependent on deformation of the diaphragm. A temperature-corrected pressure signal derived from the two measured signals uses correlation, the measured signals having been determined in advance from a calibration process, and the temperature-corrected pressure signal is provided as a pressure signal at the signal output for further processing. In this manner there is quick pressure measurement with high measuring accuracy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds according to Formula I: and salts thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and L are as defined herein. Methods for preparing compounds of Formula I are also provided. The present invention further includes methods of treating and preventing bacterial infections, and methods of identifying pGpG-binding domains in bacteria, using the compounds of Formula I.

Abstract: A cathode configuration for emission of electrons has a reaction zone connected to an entrance opening for the supply of neutral particles. The opening communicates with the cathode configuration for the ionization of the neutral particles and an ion extraction system communicates with the reaction zone. Ions from the extraction system are sent to a detection system and a mechanism for the evacuation of the mass spectrometer arrangement. The cathode configuration includes a field emission cathode with an emitter surface, wherein at a short distance from this emitter surface, an extraction grid is disposed for the extraction of electrons, which grid substantially covers the emitter surface. The emitter surface encompasses herein at least partially a hollow volume such that a tubular structure is formed.

Abstract: A cathode configuration for emission of electrons has a reaction zone connected to an entrance opening for the supply of neutral particles. The opening communicates with the cathode configuration for the ionization of the neutral particles and an ion extraction system communicates with the reaction zone. Ions from the extraction system are sent to a detection system and a mechanism for the evacuation of the mass spectrometer arrangement. The cathode configuration includes a field emission cathode with an emitter surface, wherein at a short distance from this emitter surface, an extraction grid is disposed for the extraction of electrons, which grid substantially covers the emitter surface. The emitter surface encompasses herein at least partially a hollow volume such that a tubular structure is formed.

Abstract: A cathode configuration for emission of electrons has a reaction zone connected to an entrance opening for the supply of neutral particles. The opening communicates with the cathode configuration for the ionization of the neutral particles and an ion extraction system communicates with the reaction zone. Ions from the extraction system are sent to a detection system and a mechanism for the evacuation of the mass spectrometer arrangement. The cathode configuration includes a field emission cathode with an emitter surface, wherein at a short distance from this emitter surface, an extraction grid is disposed for the extraction of electrons, which grid substantially covers the emitter surface. The emitter surface encompasses herein at least partially a hollow volume such that a tubular structure is formed.

Abstract: A resilient resorbable chemically crosslinked collagen sponge for promoting soft tissue volume augmentation in the oral region, comprising 60-96% (w/w) collagen and 4-40% (w/w) elastin, which shows by mercury intrusion porosimetry interconnected pores with a median pore diameter between 50 and 90 ?m and at least 80% porosity with a pore diameter more than 10 ?m, an onset temperature of 45 to 57° C. and a density in dry state from 50 to 65 mg/cm3. A process for preparing a resilient resorbable chemically crosslinked collagen sponge. A method of using a resilient resorbable chemically crosslinked collagen sponge as an implant in the oral cavity for soft tissue volume augmentation.