Abstract: Process for the preparation of a compound of Formula (I): the process comprising the reaction of a compound of Formula (II) with malononitrile in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst, wherein X, Y and Z, independently of each other, represent fluoro, chloro or C1-4alkyl; and L is a leaving group; with the proviso that 1 or 2 of X and Y are, independently of each other, fluoro or chloro.

Abstract: 2-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)propanedinitrile.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a compound of Formula (I): the process comprising the reaction of a compound of Formula (II) with malononitrile in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst, wherein X, Y and Z, independently of each other, represent fluoro, chloro or C1-4alkyl; and L is a leaving group; with the proviso that 1 or 2 of X and Y are, independently of each other, fluoro or chloro.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a compound of Formula (I), the process comprising the reaction of a compound of Formula (II) with malononitrile in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst, Formula (II) wherein X, Y and Z, independently of each other, represent fluoro, chloro or C1-4alkyl; and L is a leaving group; with the proviso that 1 or 2 of X and Y are, independently of each other, fluoro or chloro.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a compound of Formula (I), the process comprising the reaction of a compound of Formula (II) with malononitrile in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst, Formula (II) wherein X, Y and Z, independently of each other, represent fluoro, chloro or C1-4alkyl; and L is a leaving group; with the proviso that 1 or 2 of X and Y are, independently of each other, fluoro or chloro.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a mass spectrometer for performing an analysis of sample ions, and a method for operating a mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer comprises a first ion optical element that is supplied with a first gas; a mass analyzer, wherein the performance of the mass analyzer is dependent on the pressure of the first gas in the first ion optical element; and a controller for setting a property of the first gas, which comprises at least the pressure of the first gas, on the basis of a characteristic of the analysis to be performed by the mass spectrometer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a mass spectrometer for performing an analysis of sample ions, and a method for operating a mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer comprises a first ion optical element that is supplied with a first gas; a mass analyzer, wherein the performance of the mass analyzer is dependent on the pressure of the first gas in the first ion optical element; and a controller for setting a property of the first gas, which comprises at least the pressure of the first gas, on the basis of a characteristic of the analysis to be performed by the mass spectrometer.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing interference between base stations are disclosed herein. In accordance with an example method, a first base station iterates through emitting of a plurality of different radiation patterns from the first base station. The first base station also receives, from a second base station, feedback based on evaluation by the second base station of noise floor respectively for each of the different radiation patterns emitted from the first base station. Based on the received feedback, the first base station then sets itself to operate with a particular one of the radiation patterns. Example base stations and communication networks operable to perform the disclosed methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I), wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in claim 1, which process comprises a) adding a compound of formula (II), in the presence of an inert organic solvent to a mixture comprising an organic nitrite of formula (III) (R4—O—N?O (III)), wherein R4 is C1-C8alkyl, a compound of formula (IV), and an inert organic solvent; b) reacting the resulting compound of formula (V), with H2N—O—CH3 to the compound of formula (VII), c) reducing the compound of formula (VII) to the compound of formula (VIII), d) and reacting the compound of formula VIII with a compound of formula (IX), in which R* is halogen, hydroxy or C1-6 alkoxy, to the compound of formula (I).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I), wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in claim 1, which process comprises a) adding a compound of formula (II), in the presence of an inert organic solvent to a mixture comprising an organic nitrite of formula (III) (R4—O—N?O (III)), wherein R4 is C1-C8 alkyl, a compound of formula (IV), and an inert organic solvent; b) reacting the resulting compound of formula (V), with H2N—O—CH3 to the compound of formula (VII), c) reducing the compound of formula (VII) to the compound of formula (VIII), d) and reacting the compound of formula VIII with a compound of formula (IX), in which R* is halogen, hydroxy or C1-6 alkoxy, to the compound of formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula I wherein R1 and R2 are each independently of the other hydrogen or C1-C5alkyl and R3 is CF3 or CF2H, by a) reaction of a compound of formula II wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for formula I, with at least one reducing agent to form a compound of formula III wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for formula I, and b) reaction of that compound with at least one reducing agent to form a compound of formula IV wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for formula I, and (c) reaction of that compound with a compound of formula V wherein Q is chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine, hydroxy or C1-C6alkoxy and R3 is as defined for formula I, to form the compound of formula I; and to novel intermediates for use in that process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula I wherein R1 and R2 are each independently of the other hydrogen or C1-C5alkyl and R3 is CF3 or CF2H, by a) reaction of a compound of formula II wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for formula I, with at least one reducing agent to form a compound of formula III wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for formula I, and b) reaction of that compound with at least one reducing agent to form a compound of formula IV wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for formula I, and (c) reaction of that compound with a compound of formula V wherein Q is chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine, hydroxy or C1-C6alkoxy and R3 is as defined for formula I, to form the compound of formula I; and to novel intermediates for use in that process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula I wherein R1 and R2 are each independently of the other hydrogen or C1-C5alkyl and R3 is CF3 or CF2H, by a) reaction of a compound of formula II wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for formula I, with at least one reducing agent to form a compound of formula III wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for formula I, and b) reaction of that compound with at least one reducing agent to form a compound of formula IV wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for formula I, and (c) reaction of that compound with a compound of formula V wherein Q is chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine, hydroxy or C1-C6alkoxy and R3 is as defined for formula I, to form the compound of formula I; and to novel intermediates for use in that process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula I wherein R1 and R2 are each independently of the other hydrogen or C1-C5alkyl and R3 is CF3 or CF2H, by a) reaction of a compound of formula II wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for formula I, with at least one reducing agent to form a compound of formula wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for formula I, and b) reaction of that compound with at least one reducing agent to form a compound of formula IV wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for formula I, and (c) reaction of that compound with a compound of formula V wherein Q is chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine, hydroxy or C1-C6alkoxy and R3 is as defined for formula I, to form the compound of formula I; and to novel intermediates for use in that process.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I), the process comprising: (i) the reaction of a compound of formula (III), with a compound of formula (IV) to give a compound of formula (II), and (ii) the reaction of the compound of formula (II) with a leaving group, to give the compound of formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are each independently of the other hydrogen or C1-C5alkyl and R3 is CF3 or CF2H, by a) reaction of a compound of formula (II) wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for formula (I), with at least one reducing agent to form a compound of formula (III) wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for formula (I), and b) reaction of that compound with at least one reducing agent to form a compound of formula (IV) wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for formula (I), and (c) reaction of that compound with a compound of formula (V) wherein Q is chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine, hydroxy or C1-C6alkoxy and R3 is as defined for formula (I), to form the compound of formula (I); and to novel intermediates for use in that process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel a process for the preparation of the compound of the general formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or C1-6 alkyl, which comprises treating with a reducing agent either a compound of the general formula (II), wherein R1 and R2 have the meanings given for the compound of the formula (I), R3 is H or C1-4alkyl and Ph is phenyl, or a compound of the general formula (III), wherein R1, R2, R3 and Ph have the meanings given for the compound of the formula (II), the reducing agent being effective to cleave the benzyl moiety Ph-CH(R3)— from the benzylamino moiety PhCH(R3)NH— in the compound of the formula (II) or in the compound of the formula (III) to leave an amino group and, in addition, in the case of the compound of the formula (III), to reduce both the 2,3-double bond and the double bond joining the R1R2C— moiety to the 9-position of the benzonorbornene ring to single bonds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of syn-enriched 5-amino-9-isopropyl-benzonorbomene in which the ratio of compounds of formula (Ia(syn)) to compounds of formula (Ib(anti)) is from 70:30 to 99:1, which process comprises reacting a compound of formula (Il) in a pressure vessel with hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a solvent, at a pressure of at least 2 bar and a temperature of from 00 C to 45° C., to form syn-enriched 5-amino-9-isopropyl-benzonorbomene.

Abstract: The invention relates to ?-oxygenated or ?-thiolated carboxylic acid phenethylamide derivatives of general formula (I) including the optical isomers thereof and mixtures of such isomers, wherein A stands for optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; X is oxygen or sulfur; Y is oxygen or sulfur; R1, is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl or halocycloalkyl; R2 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkoxy-alkyl, alkoxy-alkenyl, alkoxy-alkynyl, whereof all alkyl- alkenyl-, alkynyl-, or cycloalkyl-groups may be optionally substituted by halogen; or optionally substituted aryl-alkyl, optionally substituted aryl-alkenyl, optionally substituted aryl-alkynyl or optionally substituted aryloxy-alkyl; R3 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, alkoxy-alkyl, alkoxy-alkenyl, alkoxy-alkynyl, whereof all alkyl- alkenyl-, alkynyl-, or cycloalkyl-groups may be optionally substituted by halogen; or is

Abstract: The invention relates to ?-oxygenated or ?-thiolated carboxylic acid phenethylamide derivatives of the general formula I including the optical isomers thereof and mixtures of such isomers, wherein A stands for optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; X is oxygen or sulfur; Y is oxygen or sulfur; R1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl or halocycloalkyl; R2 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkoxy-alkyl, alkoxy-alkenyl, alkoxy-alkynyl, whereof all alkyl-alkenyl-, alkynyl-, or cycloalkyl-groups me be optionally substituted by halogen; or optionally substituted arylalkyl, optionally substituted-aryl-alkenyl, optionally substituted aryl-alkynyl or optionally substituted aryloxy-alkyl; R3 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, alkoxy-alkyl, alkoxy-alkenyl, alkoxy-alkynyl, whereof all alkyl-alkenyl-, alkynyl-, or cycloalkyl-groups me be optionally substituted by halogen; or is opti