Abstract: A transmitting wireless transmit/receive unit (Tx WTRU) may receive configuration information that indicates one or more parameters. The one or more parameters may be associated with resource selection. The Tx WTRU may determine a first resource selection window and a second resource selection window. The first resource selection window may be associated with an active time of a receiving wireless transmit/receive unit (Rx WTRU). The second resource selection window may be associated with an inactive time of the Rx WTRU. The Tx WTRU may determine a first number of candidate resources associated with the first resource selection window. The Tx WTRU may determine a first number of candidate resources associated with the second resource selection window. In examples, the Tx WTRU may increase the first number of candidate resources associated with the first resource selection window to a second number of candidate resources associated with the first resource selection window.

Abstract: Supplementary uplink (SUL) may be used in wireless systems. Cell suitability criteria may be provided for cells configured with SUL. A Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) may receive paging with an indication of a carrier (e.g., SUL or regular uplink (RUL)) in which to initiate part or all of an initial access. A WTRU that may be performing response-driven paging may provide (e.g. explicit) beam information for beamforming of a paging message on a non-beamformed SUL. A handover (HO) procedure (e.g., carrier selection, configuration handling, HO failure, etc.) may be provided for a WTRU with a configured SUL. A WTRU may request a change of a configured UL. A WTRU may (e.g., autonomously) perform a switch to a different (e.g., configured) uplink, for example, when one or more conditions may be met (e.g., conditional switch). Semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) resources/configuration may be relocated from a first UL to a second UL.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein that may be associated with new radio (NR) vehicular communication (V2X) sidelink power saving for unicast and groupcast. A first wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a message. The message may indicate a set of configuration groups and/or one or more suitability selection parameters. The WTRU may receive, from a second WTRU, a first indication. The first indication may indicate that the second WTRU is associated with a first configuration group and a first priority group. The first WTRU may receive, from a third WTRU, a second indication. The second indication may indicate that the third WTRU is associated with a second configuration group and a second priority value. The first WTRU may select a configuration group from the set of configuration groups based on the first indication and the second indication.

Abstract: A 5G UE achieves flexible SL time resource granularity by determining which UL/Flexible symbols/slots belong to a symbol-based SL resource pool and a slot-based SL resource pool based on SFI in RRC/GC-PDCCH. The UE then determines which resources are available in each pool based on sensing and selects a resource pool to use so that QoS/latency requirements are met.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein regarding Radio Resource Control (RRC) state transitions. The state transitions may be performed with a deactivated Secondary Cell Group (SCG). The WTRU may receive configuration information associated with a transition to a first activity level from a second activity level. The configuration information may indicate one or more conditions associated with determining whether to resume the first activity level with an SCG activated or deactivated. The WTRU may select an SCG activation level to use in association with the first activity level based on the one or more conditions in the configuration information, current WTRU conditions, and current network conditions. The selected SCG activation level may be selected to resume the first activity level with the SCG activated or with the SCG deactivated. The WTRU may indicate, to a base station, the selected SCG activation level.

Abstract: A device may transmit data to a first parent node via a first link and to a second parent node via a second link. The device may receive configuration information indicating at least one of: a first buffer threshold associated with a first remaining packet delay budget (PDB), a second buffer threshold associated with a second remaining PDB, or a remaining PDB threshold. The device may receive a packet and may determine a remaining PDB. The device may select a buffer threshold based on the configuration information and the determined remaining PDB. If an amount of data in an uplink (UL) buffer is equal to or above the selected buffer threshold, the device may transmit the packet via a first available link. If the determined remaining PDB is less than the remaining PDB threshold, the device may transmit the packet via both the first link and the second link.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein associated with dual active protocol stack (DAPS) operations (e.g., dual communication operations). DAPS operations may be performed to enable temporary load-balancing. Performing a handover (e.g., DAPS handover) may be expensive (e.g., in terms of resources) and less desirable for load-balancing purposes. Temporary DAPS operations may be performed to achieve temporary load-balancing without performing a handover. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) in communication with a first network entity may be configured to initiate dual communication operations (e.g., DAPS) towards a second network entity. The WTRU may maintain the dual communication between the first and second network entities, for example, until an indication to release the dual communication is received or until conditions are satisfied. Releasing the dual communication may prevent expensive handovers that may use excess resources.

Abstract: Methods to perform, maintain and report measurements on a transmission-reception point (TRP) using limited reference signal transmission are described herein. The mobility measurement reports may utilize physical channels. Methods to obtain measurements on neighbor TRPs using limited RS transmissions are also described herein. Random-Access procedures to enable the addition of a neighbor TRP or handover without requiring higher layer signaling (and possibly without an interface between source and target TRP) are also described herein. New triggers to perform RA in order to decrease handover latency are also described herein. Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) behavior upon receiving RAR from multiple possible TRPs are also described herein. For example, a WTRU may store RAR information and use it later in an interrupted RA procedure.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for uplink (UL) transmissions in wireless systems. The systems, methods and instrumentalities may include a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) with a receiver configured to receive one or more uplink (UL) grants that may include allocations associated with a regular UL (RUL) carrier and a supplementary UL (SUL) carrier. The RUL and SUL carriers may be associated with a common downlink (DL) carrier of a serving cell. The WTRU may include a processor configured to select data from one or more logical channels for transmission in accordance with the allocations. The WTRU may include a transmitter configured to transmit data from one logical channel on the RUL carrier and to transmit data from another logical channel on the SUL carrier in accordance with the allocations.

Abstract: A method performed by a WTRU may comprise receiving first periodic uplink transmission information and second periodic uplink transmission information which are different. The method may further comprise receiving configuration information indicating that data of a first logical channel is allowable for transmission in accordance with the first periodic uplink transmission information and that data of a second logical channel is allowable for transmission in accordance with the second periodic uplink transmission information. Data of the first logical channel may be transmitted in accordance with the first periodic uplink transmission information and data of the second logical channel may be transmitted in accordance with the second periodic uplink transmission information.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein associated with relay usage (e.g., new radio (NR) relays used as an example herein) where handovers between sidelink (SL) and direct link and/or between sidelinks may be based on consideration of end-to-end radio and/or load conditions. Handover decisions may be determined, for example, based on measurements of direct connections, sidelink connections, and/or backhaul connections. Handover decisions may be optimized, for example, based on measurement reporting behavior. A remote wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) (e.g., a WTRU that may be configured to connect to a network, for example, using a relay WTRU) in sidelink relay operation with a relay WTRU may determine measurement reporting behavior (e.g., associated with performed measurements of the direct connections, sideline connections, and/or backhaul connections), for example, while considering the sidelink quality associated with the relay WTRU.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for sidelink communication in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). For example, a first WTRU configured with first and second resource pools may perform at least one congestion measurement of the second resource pool. The first resource pool may be configured for use by the first WTRU for transmission of the first data. The second resource pool may be configured for use by a second WTRU for transmission of the second data associated with a higher priority than the first data. If the at least one congestion measurement of the second resource pool is below a predetermined threshold, the first WTRU may transmit the first data using the first resource pool. If the at least one congestion measurement of the second resource pool is above a predetermined threshold, the first US may not transmit the first data using the first resource pool.

Abstract: Methods to perform, maintain and report measurements on a transmission-reception point (TRP) using limited reference signal transmission are described herein. The mobility measurement reports may utilize physical channels. Methods to obtain measurements on neighbor TRPs using limited RS transmissions are also described herein. Random-Access procedures to enable the addition of a neighbor TRP or handover without requiring higher layer signaling (and possibly without an interface between source and target TRP) are also described herein. New triggers to perform RA in order to decrease handover latency are also described herein. Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) behavior upon receiving RAR from multiple possible TRPs are also described herein. For example, a WTRU may store RAR information and use it later in an interrupted RA procedure.

Abstract: A transmitting wireless transmit/receive unit (Tx WTRU) may receive configuration information that indicates one or more parameters. The one or more parameters may be associated with resource selection. The Tx WTRU may determine a first resource selection window and a second resource selection window. The first resource selection window may be associated with an active time of a receiving wireless transmit/receive unit (Rx WTRU). The second resource selection window may be associated with an inactive time of the Rx WTRU. The Tx WTRU may determine a first number of candidate resources associated with the first resource selection window. The Tx WTRU may determine a first number of candidate resources associated with the second resource selection window. In examples, the Tx WTRU may increase the first number of candidate resources associated with the first resource selection window to a second number of candidate resources associated with the first resource selection window.

Abstract: A method performed by a WTRU may comprise receiving first periodic uplink transmission information and second periodic uplink transmission information which are different. The method may further comprise receiving configuration information indicating that data of a first logical channel is allowable for transmission in accordance with the first periodic uplink transmission information and that data of a second logical channel is allowable for transmission in accordance with the second periodic uplink transmission information. Data of the first logical channel may be transmitted in accordance with the first periodic uplink transmission information and data of the second logical channel may be transmitted in accordance with the second periodic uplink transmission information.

Abstract: A system and methods for beam failure recovery and management for multi-carrier communications with beamforming are disclosed herein. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may monitor for and detect a beam failure of a beam associated with a secondary cell (Scell). The WTRU may select an Scell candidate beam. The WTRU may transmit using a selected uplink (UL) resource in a primary cell (SpCell) a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) including an indication of Scell beam failure and identifying the selected candidate beam. The WTRU may receive an Scell beam failure indication response on the SpCell indicating an SCell index and a downlink (DL) quasi co-location (QCL) reference associated with the Scell. The WTRU may verify that the DL QCL reference matches with the candidate beam. The WTRU may perform random access on the SCell using the selected QCL reference and the selected candidate beam.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may operate in a dual connectivity (DC) context. While in a RRC_INACTIVE state, the WTRU may receive a paging message from a first cell, which may be associated with a master cell group (MCG). The paging message may indicate that the WTRU is to respond to the paging message on another cell. Also, or alternatively, the paging message may indicate that data for the WTRU is available on an SCG bearer. The WTRU may select a second cell (e.g., a cell other than the first cell) from a secondary cell group (SCG) list, which may include one or more secondary cells. The WTRU may initiate a random access channel procedure with the second cell based on receiving the paging message from the first cell. The WTRU may receive data from the second cell via the SCG bearer while in the RRC_INACTIVE state.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to receive a radio resource control (RRC) message. The RRC message may comprise information that indicates an association between each of a plurality of beams and power information. The WTRU is configured to receive a trigger message. The WTRU is configured to select a beam in response to the received trigger message. The WTRU is configured to send a control channel transmission using a power level. The power level may be based on the power information mapped to the selected beam.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities (e.g. aspects of entities, interfaces and procedures in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and/or network layers L1, L2, l3) are disclosed for low latency medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) assembly in wireless systems, such as 5G flexible radio access technology (RAT) (5gFLEX). Latency may be reduced, for example, by WTRU determination of network transmission parameters and signaling prior to a transmission grant. A WTRU may receive a modulation and coding scheme (MCS), resource range, etc. prior to a grant, e.g., for use in future grants. Data blocks may be incrementally created/encoded prior to a grant. Data units may be segmented, assembled and multiplexed, for example, based on data block sizes that allow MAC and radio link control (RLC) processing prior to a grant. Flexible grant sizes may be provided for early generation of transport blocks before a grant.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities (e.g. aspects of entities, interfaces and procedures in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and/or network layers L1, L2, l3) are disclosed for low latency medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) assembly in wireless systems, such as 5G flexible radio access technology (RAT) (5gFLEX). Latency may be reduced, for example, by WTRU determination of network transmission parameters and signaling prior to a transmission grant. A WTRU may receive a modulation and coding scheme (MCS), resource range, etc. prior to a grant, e.g., for use in future grants. Data blocks may be incrementally created/encoded prior to a grant. Data units may be segmented, assembled and multiplexed, for example, based on data block sizes that allow MAC and radio link control (RLC) processing prior to a grant. Flexible grant sizes may be provided for early generation of transport blocks before a grant.