Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a cytosolic citric acid synthase for the heterologous production of citrate outside the mitochondrion of a micro-organism or algae, wherein the protein is selected from A. niger An08g10920, An01g09940, An09g03570 ,or an ortholog of these genes. Such production is achieved by introducing the nucleic acid encoding such a protein into a suitable host cell. Preferably the protein is A. niger An08g10920, An01g09940, An09g03570 or an ortholog thereof, more particularly, wherein such an ortholog is chosen from the group of proteins listed in FIG. 9 and proteins having a percentage identity of 70%, more preferably 75%, more preferably 80%, more preferably 85%, more preferably 90%, more preferably 95%, more preferably 98%, more preferably 99% with An08g10920, An01g09940 or An09g03570.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a cytosolic citric acid synthase for the heterologous production of citrate outside the mitochondrion of a micro-organism or algae, wherein the protein is selected from A. niger An08g10920, An01g09940, An09g03570, or an ortholog of these genes. Such production is achieved by introducing the nucleic acid encoding such a protein into a suitable host cell. Preferably the protein is A. niger An08g10920, An01g09940, An09g03570 or an ortholog thereof, more particularly, wherein such an ortholog is chosen from the group of proteins listed in FIG. 9 and proteins having a percentage identity of 70%, more preferably 75%, more preferably 80%, more preferably 85%, more preferably 90%, more preferably 95%, more preferably 98%, more preferably 99% with An08g10920, An01g09940 or An09g03570.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a cytosolic citric acid synthase for the heterologous production of citrate outside the mitochondrion of a micro-organism or algae, wherein the protein is selected from A. niger An08g10920, An01g09940, An09g03570, or an ortholog of these genes. Such production is achieved by introducing the nucleic acid encoding such a protein into a suitable host cell. Preferably the protein is A. niger An08g10920, An01g09940, An09g03570 or an ortholog thereof, more particularly, wherein such an ortholog is chosen from the group of proteins listed in FIG. 9 and proteins having a percentage identity of 70%, more preferably 75%, more preferably 80%, more preferably 85%, more preferably 90%, more preferably 95%, more preferably 98%, more preferably 99% with An08g10920, An01g09940 or An09g03570.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of itaconic acid in micro-organisms by introducting into a suitable host cell a gene coding for the enzyme cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase, preferably derived from A. terreus. Further part of the invention are host cells, preferably from A. niger, provided with the above mentioned genes.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of itaconic acid in micro-organisms by introducting into a suitable host cell a gene coding for the enzyme cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase, preferably derived from A. terreus. Further part of the invention are host cells, preferably from A. niger, provided with the above mentioned genes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing clusters of reference hybridization patterns for a sample nucleic acid, comprising providing an array comprising a plurality of nucleic acid molecules, wherein said plurality of nucleic acid molecules is derived from at least two different sources, providing at least two different reference hybridization patterns by hybridizing said array with at least two different reference nucleic acids, wherein the sources of said at least two different reference nucleic acids are separable into at least two groups on the basis of a value for at least one phenotypic parameter, and clustering the reference hybridization patterns by unsupervised multivariate analysis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of controlling programmed cell death in plants. In one aspects the present invention relates to such a method wherein a transgenic plant is produced that is less susceptible to stress-induced programmed cell death. The invention thus provides a method for controlling programmed cell death in a plant or plant-part comprising modifying the activity and/or expression of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-homologous protein in the cells of said plant or plant-part.

Abstract: A genomic nucleic acid sequence encoding a 62 kDa barley endoxylanase has been isolated and characterized. The genomic DNA sequences are used to transform plant cells for expression of enhanced amounts of active endoxylanase.