Abstract: A process that can utilize current paper manufacturing facilities by adding consecutive spray apparatuses that can make and/or enhance the manufacture of a multitude of specific paper products on-line, or improve the properties of already formed paper products with consequent spraying steps on-line or off-line.

Abstract: An atomizer for difficult to disperse solutions such as sizing and paper coatings comprising three nozzles defining three channels respectively two of the nozzles comprising fluid-emitting nozzles and the third nozzle comprising a treatment-emitting nozzle. Alternatively, the atomizer comprises two channels respectively comprising a fluid-emitting nozzle and a treatment emitting nozzle.

Abstract: A swirling gas atomizer for dispersing liquids and highly viscous or otherwise difficult to disperse solutions of liquids and solids to a mist with desired properties. The pressurized high speed rotating gas in this apparatus can disintegrate most chemical solutions all the way to the finest mist as theorized by Lord Rayleigh in 1882.

Abstract: A swirling gas atomizer for dispersing liquids and highly viscous or otherwise difficult to disperse solutions of liquids and solids to a mist with desired properties. The pressurized high speed rotating gas in this apparatus can disintegrate most chemical solutions all the way to the finest mist as theorized by Lord Rayleigh in 1882.

Abstract: An atomizer for difficult to disperse solutions such as sizing and paper coatings comprising three nozzles defining three channels respectively two of the nozzles comprising fluid-emitting nozzles and the third nozzle comprising a treatment-emitting nozzle. Alternatively, the atomizer comprises two channels respectively comprising a fluid-emitting nozzle and a treatment emitting nozzle.

Abstract: The fibers of recycled paper are cleaned by agitating the slurry containing the fibers to maintain the fibers in suspension, and contacting the slurry with wash water to remove ink and other contaminants. The apparatus includes a passageway having screens forming opposite sides of the passageway. Agitators are within the passageway, and create enough turbulence to prevent fibers from settling or agglomerating. Channels adjacent to each screen carry wash water, and pump pressure creates a pressure differential across the screens to cause the wash water to contact the slurry and to be removed from the passageway.

Abstract: The fibers of recycled paper are cleaned by agitating the slurry containing the fibers to maintain the fibers in suspension, and contacting the slurry with wash water to remove ink and other contaminants. The apparatus includes a passageway having screens forming opposite sides of the passageway. Agitators are within the passageway, and create enough turbulence to prevent fibers from settling or agglomerating. Channels adjacent to each screen carry wash water, and pump pressure creates a pressure differential across the screens to cause the wash water to contact the slurry and to be removed from the passageway.

Abstract: A coating method and apparatus allows coating of a paper substrate from any point from the first de-watering stage to a fully dried stage. The method includes the making of a fog from a coating slurry, and directing the fog to a nozzle that does not physically contact the substrate. An air current normally carries the fog; but, electrostatic charges can be applied to the substrate and the fog to cause the fog to be attracted and adhere to the substrate. Vacuum chambers contiguous with the nozzle pick up excess fog and deliver the excess to a separator for recycling.