Abstract: A method of making a cobalt compound for feed supplements includes the steps of dissolving cobalt acetate tetrahydrate in water to form a mixture, adding an acid to the mixture, sonicating the mixture for a selected time, removing acetic acid from the mixture, and separating crystals of the cobalt compound from the mixture.

Abstract: A method of making a cobalt compound for feed supplements includes the steps of dissolving cobalt acetate tetrahydrate in water to form a mixture, adding an acid to the mixture, sonicating the mixture for a selected time, removing acetic acid from the mixture, and separating crystals of the cobalt compound from the mixture.

Abstract: A system of rollers can transfer fluid from a reservoir to an electrically conductive wire feeding past the reservoir. The system can include a first cylinder that contacts the reservoir and rotates to pick up fluid from the reservoir. A second cylinder can contact the first cylinder and rotate. Fluid can transfer between the first cylinder and the second cylinder. The second cylinder can contact the feeding wire such that the second cylinder applies the fluid to the wire as the wire feeds past the second cylinder. Accordingly, two rotating cylinders can cooperatively transfer fluid from the reservoir to the moving wire.

Abstract: A process for reacting relatively small hydrophilic carboxylic molecules with relatively large, hydrophobic hydrocarbon based molecules, said process comprising conducting the reacting in the presence of a sulfonic acid catalyst having solubilizing properties. In a preferred embodiment the large hydrophobic molecule comprises at least one member of the group consisting of (1) olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least about 10 carbon atoms and (2) aliphatic hydrocarbyl group substituted hydroxy aromatic compounds wherein the aliphatic hydrocarbyl group contains at least 12 carbon atoms and the small hydrophilic molecule comprises a carboxylic reactant selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formula R3C(O)(R4)nC(O)OR5 wherein each of R3 and R5 is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, R4 is a divalent hydrocarbylene group, and n is 0 or 1, and reactive sources thereof.

Abstract: A process for reacting relatively small hydrophilic carboxylic molecules with relatively large, hydrophobic hydrocarbon based molecules, said process comprising conducting the reacting in the presence of a sulfonic acid catalyst having solubilizing properties.

Abstract: Lubricants which comprise, as an additive a salt of the reaction product of (i) glyoxylic acid or a hydrocarbyl substituted glyoxylic acid and (ii) a hydroxyaromatic compound, at least a portion of the molecules of which are alkyl-substituted, are useful for lubricating ceramic-containing engines, high temperature engines, and natural gas-fueled engines. Particularly useful additives are those in which the hydroxyaromatic compound is a dialkyl phenol containing a t-butyl group in an ortho position.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wax-containing liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition comprising (a) at least one wax-containing liquid hydrocarbon; and b) a transesterified acrylate polymer obtained by transesterifying a starting acrylate polymer with at least one higher alcohol, the transesterified acrylate polymer being present in an amount sufficient to modify the cold flow properties of the wax containing liquid hydrocarbon fuel.

Abstract: Treating low reactivity alkylating agents in the vapor phase with catalysts converts the low reactivity alkylating agents to high reactivity alkylating agents. The alkylating agents are useful in synthesis of alkyl aromatics with Lewis acid catalysts.

Abstract: The pour point of paraffin-containing liquids is reduced by adding to the liquid an effective amount of a pour point depressant which is the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol having a number average of greater than 30 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl-substituent, and an aldehyde of 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, or a source therefor. The pour point depressant is particularly useful for treating crude oils which have an initial pour point of 4.degree. C. or higher.

Abstract: The reaction product of a hydroxyaromatic compound, at least some of the units of which are hydrocarbyl-substituted, a carboxy-substituted aldehyde, and an aldehyde other than a carboxy-substituted aldehyde, provides an additive for lubricants as well as an intermediate for further reaction with amines, alcohols, or neutralization to form a salt.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a novel salt composition comprising: (A) at least one salt moiety derived from (A)(I) at least one high-molecular weight hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acylating agent, said hydrocarbyl-substituent of said acylating agent (A)(I) having a number average molecular weight of at least about 280, and (A)(II) one or more members selected from the group consisting of ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, and at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal compound; (B) at least one salt moiety derived from (B)(I) at least one low-molecular weight polycarboxylic acylating agent, said acylating agent (B)(I) optionally having at least one hydrocarbyl substituent having up to about 18 carbon atoms, and (B)(II) one or more members selected from the group consisting of ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, and at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal compound; said moieties (A) and (B) being coupled together b

Abstract: The present invention provides for a novel salt composition comprising: (A) at least one salt moiety derived from (A)(I) at least one high-molecular weight hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acylating agent, said hydrocarbyl-substituent of said acylating agent (A)(I) having a number average molecular weight of at least about 280, and (A)(II) one or more members selected from the group consisting of ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, and at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal compound; (B) at least one salt moiety derived from (B)(I) at least one low-molecular weight polycarboxylic acylating agent, said acylating agent (B)(I) optionally having at least one hydrocarbyl substituent having up to about 18 carbon atoms, and (B)(II) one or more members selected from the group consisting of ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, and at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal compound; said moieties (A) and (B) being coupled together b