Abstract: Two embodiments of a cuspidor funnel are described, each of which may be securely attached to an empty beverage container, and then detached from the container with the container being disposed of after use. A first is attached to a standard sized beverage can while the second is structured to be attached to a standard sized beverage bottle. The can embodiment includes a cylindrical structure that snaps onto the beverage can top rim and positions a funnel neck into the opening of the beverage can typical of a press-tab opening soda or beer can. This funnel neck receives fluid captured by the angled funnel wall formed on the top face of the cuspidor funnel. The beverage bottle embodiment includes a generally cylindrical structure that is threaded onto the beverage bottle opening typical of most single serving plastic beverage bottle containers.

Abstract: Two embodiments of a cuspidor funnel are described, each of which may be securely attached to an empty beverage container, and then detached from the container with the container being disposed of after use. A first is attached to a standard sized beverage can while the second is structured to be attached to a standard sized beverage bottle. The can embodiment includes a cylindrical structure that snaps onto the beverage can top rim and positions a funnel neck into the opening of the beverage can typical of a press-tab opening soda or beer can. This funnel neck receives fluid captured by the angled funnel wall formed on the top face of the cuspidor funnel. The beverage bottle embodiment includes a generally cylindrical structure that is threaded onto the beverage bottle opening typical of most single serving plastic beverage bottle containers.

Abstract: A hydraulic fracturing ball sealer used in fracturing of shale formations. A preferred embodiment is constructed of a generally spherical core and a pair of hemispherical shells positioned about the core. The shells are secured to each other along an equatorial seam. The multilayer frac-ball provides a strong but machinable structure with a pliable outer surface that is corrosion resistant, has a specific gravity that allows it to float in the fracturing fluid, and is relatively easy and inexpensive to manufacture. The frac-ball of the present invention is a two piece metal and polymer design. A two-part embodiment comprises a polymer core with a metal case or shell. A layer of epoxy resin may be used to secure the shell to the core. Alternate embodiments include multiple layers of different materials, generally arranged concentrically within the spherical shape. The surface of the frac-ball may be smooth, scored, or serrated.

Abstract: A hydraulic fracturing ball sealer used in fracturing of shale formations. A preferred embodiment is constructed of a generally spherical core and a pair of hemispherical shells positioned about the core. The shells are secured to each other along an equatorial seam. The multilayer frac-ball provides a strong but machinable structure with a pliable outer surface that is corrosion resistant, has a specific gravity that allows it to float in the fracturing fluid, and is relatively easy and inexpensive to manufacture. The frac-ball of the present invention is a two piece metal and polymer design. A two-part embodiment comprises a polymer core with a metal case or shell. A layer of epoxy resin may be used to secure the shell to the core. Alternate embodiments include multiple layers of different materials, generally arranged concentrically within the spherical shape. The surface of the frac-ball may be smooth, scored, or serrated.