Abstract: A device, a method, and a non-transitory computer readable medium for distributing content to a plurality of nodes on a computer network are disclosed. The method includes dividing the content into a plurality of information groups, each of the information groups including a mutually exclusive subset of information pieces of the content, encoding the information pieces included in each of the plurality of information groups based on a combination of the information pieces included in the respective information group and a plurality of coefficients associated with the information pieces included in the respective information group, and distributing the encoded information pieces to the plurality of nodes on the computer network, wherein each of the information pieces is encoded into one of three types of information pieces.

Abstract: The peer-to-peer DNS networking method network is built over Chord protocol as a secondary path to resolve Domain Name System (DNS) queries as a solution designed to avoid an intentional blocking from higher name servers. The DNS is a critical service in the Internet infrastructure that provides user-friendly name to Internet IP address mapping services, and must be protected from abuse, since the absence of the DNS has a severe impact on several Internet applications, such as HTTP, FTP, and/or e-mail that can cause such applications to become non-functional. The method is designed to keep DNS functional during intentional blocking from higher name servers, and the like.

Abstract: The network address translation (NAT)-based method of bypassing Internet access denial uses NAT as an identity-hiding technique to bypass Internet access denial. The victim network uses NAT routers as a gateway to connect to neighboring networks, and uses a set of non-blocked Internet protocol (IP) addresses as the NAT routers' external public IP addresses. These addresses are not part of the IP ranges registered to the victim network. Rather, they are obtained from a neighboring network. The outgoing packets, therefore, will not be blocked by the malicious ISP, as they will not be recognized as part of the victim network. The method is scalable and has minimal network performance impact. Although NAT introduces some connectivity limitations, these are overcome by using application-layer routing for server reachability behind NAT, and NAT traversal techniques for peer-to-peer (P2P) applications.

Abstract: The tunneling-based method of bypassing Internet access denial allows for the re-routing of communication between a local system and a destination system when the local system's Internet Protocol (IP) address has been blocked by a malicious higher-tier Internet service provider (ISP). If it is determined that the local system is blocked from communicating with the destination system, then it is determined if a malicious higher-tier ISP is responsible for the blockage of service. If the local system is blocked by the ISP, then the ISP is identified and communication is established between the local system and a neighboring system that is not blocked by the ISP. Finally, communications are then transmitted from the local system to the destination system, through the established tunnel, by first transmitting from the local system to the neighboring system, and then transmitting from the neighboring system through the ISP to the destination system.

Abstract: The peer-to-peer DNS networking method network is built over Chord protocol as a secondary path to resolve Domain Name System (DNS) queries as a solution designed to avoid an intentional blocking from higher name servers. The DNS is a critical service in the Internet infrastructure that provides user-friendly name to Internet IP address mapping services, and must be protected from abuse, since the absence of the DNS has a severe impact on several Internet applications, such as HTTP, FTP, and/or e-mail that can cause such applications to become non-functional. The method is designed to keep DNS functional during intentional blocking from higher name servers, and the like.