Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes an anode composed of a salt, a cathode insulated from the anode and a non-aqueous electrolyte in contact with the anode. The electrolyte may include an organic solvent that comprises at least approximately one percent by volume trimethylene carbonate.

Abstract: A more efficient LiPF6 lithium-ion electrochemical system composed of a phosphate free, borate lithium salt electrolyte LiTPTB composed of LiBC32F24H12 in a ternary mixed organic solvent containing a 1:1:1 volume ratio of EC, DMC and EMC is provided. The borate salt of the LiTPTB electrolyte decomposes at temperatures above 110° C. and does not react with water and also has an oxidation potential of about 4.4 V versus lithium, making it suitable for use in high voltage lithium-ion cells and batteries. A 0.3 to 1.0 M molar concentration of LiTPTB composed of LiBC32F24H12 in a ternary mixed organic solvent containing a 1:1:1 volume ratio of EC, DMC and EMC is also provided.

Abstract: The battery has two cells of equal voltage (expressed as Volts DC or VDC) and equal electrochemical capacity (expressed as Ampere-Hours or AH). Each cell has one or more hinged and electrically connected modules. Both cells are hinged to each other but are not electrically connected. The modules of the battery can be folded into four basic prismatic shapes and an infinite number of non-prismatic shapes. Each shape is basically two batteries because the equal voltage cells can be connected to the load equipment in electrical series or electrical parallel. An adapter can be connected to the battery to provide additional battery footprints.

Abstract: A liquid carrying container having a first outer semicircular concave wall and a second inner concave wall facing in the same direction. Both walls are joined together at matting side edges. The outer semicircular wall is considerably longer in length than the length of the inner second wall. The overall length of the upper rim of the first wall is approximately fifty percent greater is length than the length of the upper rim of the second wall. A recess in the inner wall forms a hand hold portion. Below this hand hold portion is a handle pivotally mounted to to the inner wall. The lower handle is formed by a U-shaped rod with two end pivot joints and a center covering cylindrical portion having a rod receiving hole along its length. This bucket construction provides a recess in the bucket's inner wall that allows a user's leg to be inserted to prevent contact with bucket's wall and lessen the possibility that is liquid contents may be tipped over.

Abstract: The battery has two legs of equal voltage (expressed as Volts DC or VDC) and equal electrochemical capacity (expressed as Ampere-Hours or AH). Each leg has one or more hinged and electrically connected modules. Both legs are hinged to each other but are not electrically connected. The modules of the battery can be folded into four basic prismatic shapes and an infinite number of non-prismatic shapes. Each shape is basically two batteries because the equal voltage legs can be connected to the load equipment in electrical series or electrical parallel. An adapter can be connected to the battery to provide additional battery footprints.

Abstract: The battery has two legs of equal voltage (expressed as Volts DC or VDC) and equal electrochemical capacity (expressed as Ampere-Hours or AH). Each leg has one or more hinged and electrically connected modules. Both legs are hinged to each other but are not electrically connected. The modules of the battery can be folded into four basic prismatic shapes and an infinite number of non-prismatic shapes. Each shape is basically two batteries because the equal voltage legs can be connected to the load equipment in electrical series or electrical parallel. An adapter can be connected to the battery to provide additional battery footprints.

Abstract: An improved quartz resonator is obtaind using a mask which is kept in intte contact with the quartz substrate during the electrode metallization.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material langasite, having a defect free surface is obtai by polishing the surface of the material with a colloidal silica suspension diluted with water to about 10 to 30% concentration by weight and etching the surface of the polished piezoelectric material in an approximate 1:50:150 solution of HCl:HF:H.sub.2 O at about 70.degree. C.

Abstract: An adherent gold film is deposited onto an oxide substrate by cleaning the xide surface so as to remove all contaminants and then vacuum depositing onto the clean oxide surface a gold film of up to 40 nm in thickness.