Abstract: Of the “four C's,” cut has historically been the most complex to understand and assess. This application presents a three-dimensional mathematical model o study the interaction of light with a fully faceted, colorless, symmetrical round-brilliant-cut diamond. With this model, one can analyze how various appearance factors (brilliance, fire, and scintillation) depend on proportions. The model generates images and a numerical measurement of the optical efficiency of the round brilliant-called DCLR—which approximates overall fire. DCLR values change with variations in cut proportions, in particular crown angle, pavilion angle, table size, star facet length, culet size, and lower girdle facet length. The invention describes many combinations of proportions with equal or higher DCLR than “Ideal” cuts, and these DCLR ratings may be balanced with other factors such as brilliance and scintillation to provide a cut grade for an existing diamond or a cut analysis for prospective cut of diamond rough.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method for providing spot lighting for observing a gemstone is presented. In particular, the spot lighting provided by the invention allows for observing of the fire of a gemstone, i.e. the visible effects of light dispersion into separate colors. The apparatus includes a tube for receiving a portion of a multi-spectral light source, and a mask coupled to the tube for blocking other portions of the light source. By selecting the proper tube dimensions and aligning the tube with both the light source at an inlet and a gemstone at an outlet, the spot lighting source provides direct lighting for isolating and accentuating the effects of fire.

Abstract: Of the “four C's,” cut has historically been the most complex to understand and assess. This application presents a three-dimensional mathematical model to study the interaction of light with a fully faceted, colorless, symmetrical round-brilliant-cut diamond. With this model, one can analyze how various appearance factors (brilliance, fire, and scintillation) depend on proportions. The model generates images and a numerical measurement of the optical efficiency of the round brilliant—called DCLR—which approximates overall fire. DCLR values change with variations in cut proportions, in particular crown angle, pavilion angle, table size, star facet length, culet size, and lower girdle facet length. The invention describes many combinations of proportions with equal or higher DCLR than “Ideal” cuts, and these DCLR ratings may be balanced with other factors such as brilliance and scintillation to provide a cut grade for an existing diamond or a cut analysis for prospective cut of diamond rough.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method for providing spot lighting for observing a gemstone is presented. In particular, the spot lighting provided by the invention allows for observing of the fire of a gemstone, i.e. the visible effects of light dispersion into separate colors. The apparatus includes a tube for receiving a portion of a multi-spectral light source, and a mask coupled to the tube for blocking other portions of the light source. By selecting the proper tube dimensions and aligning the tube with both the light source at an inlet and a gemstone at an outlet, the spot lighting source provides direct lighting for isolating and accentuating the effects of fire.

Abstract: A waterline leak detection and shutoff system comprising an in-line flap valve which includes a pivotal valve flap member having attached thereto a magnet and first magnetically responsive switch which switches states, when the magnet is moved from a first position to a second position by forces exerted by flowing water, to activate a counter, and a second magnetically responsive switch which switches states, when the magnet is moved from the second position to the first position as the water ceases flowing, to reset the count of the counter. The counter continuously counts while the magnet is in the second position wherein if the count reaches a predetermined time limit an alarm means and/or an in-line shutoff valve are activated.