Abstract: Disclosed herein are antibodies that bind with high specificity to soluble oligomers of amyloid ? (Abeta) and methods of employing those antibodies. The antibodies are able to distinguish between Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and control human brain extracts. The antibodies identify endogenous Abeta oligomers in AD brain slices and also bind to Abeta oligomers on cultured hippocampal cells. The antibodies neutralize endogenous Abeta oligomers and Abeta oligomers produced in solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides amyloid ? peptide assemblies composed of at least three amyloid ? peptide subunits, wherein at least one of the amyloid ? peptide subunits is an amyloid ? peptide analog. The invention further relates to metal complexes of amyloid ? peptide assemblies and the use of amyloid ? peptide assemblies as vaccines and in the identification of agents that modulate assembly of the amyloid ? peptide subunits.

Abstract: The invention herein comprises antibodies that bind to amyloid beta-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs). ADDLs comprise amyloid ? protein assembled into soluble, globular, non-fibrillar, oligomeric structures capable of activating specific cellular processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to antibodies that differentially recognize multi-dimensional conformations of A?-derived diffusible ligands, also known as ADDLs. The antibodies of the invention can distinguish between Alzheimer's Disease and control human brain extracts and are useful in methods of detecting ADDLs and diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease. The present antibodies also block binding of ADDLs to neurons, assembly of ADDLS, and tau phosphorylation and are there useful in methods for the preventing and treating diseases associated with soluble oligomers of amyloid ?1-42.

Abstract: The invention provides amyloid beta-derived dementing ligands (ADDLs) that comprise amyloid ? protein assembled into globular non-fibrillar oligomeric structures capable of activating specific cellular processes. The invention also provides methods for assaying the formation, presence, receptor protein binding and cellular activity of ADDLs, as well as compounds that block the formation or activity of ADDLs, and methods of identifying such compounds. The invention further provides methods of using ADDLs, and modulating ADDL formation and/or activity, inter alia in the treatment of learning and/or memory disorders.

Abstract: The invention described in this disclosure involves a new composition of matter, amyloid beta-derived dementing ligands (ADDL's). ADDLs consist of amyloid ? peptide assembled into soluble globular non-fibrillar oligomeric structures that are capable of activating specific cellular processes. The invention further encompasses methods for assaying the formation, presence, receptor protein binding and cellular activities of ADDLs. The invention further encompasses assay methods and inhibitor molecules for cellular signaling molecules activated by ADDLs. Also described are molecules that block proteins that promote the formation of ADDLs.

Abstract: A communications system has first and second units whereby, when a user changes the physical state of the first unit, a message is sent to the second unit to cause the second unit to change to the same state. This change in state can be, for example, a physical squeezing movement or a change in color.