Abstract: Biological tissues are grown in a low shear, microgravity environment by culturing connective tissue cells to form a three-dimensional structure, which is thereafter co-cultured with endothelial and epithelial cells to replicate naturally occurring tissues. Preferably, the three-dimensional connective tissue cells are first cultured with endothelial cells to form three-dimensional structures of connective tissue cells and endothelial cells, which are thereafter co-cultured with epithelial cells to replicate naturally occurring tissue. The cultured tissue is in the general shape of spheroids having a diameter between about 0.1 mm and about 5 m.

Abstract: Biological tissues are grown in a low shear, microgravity environment by culturing connective tissue cells to form a three-dimensional structure, which is thereafter co-cultured with endothelial and epithelial cells to replicate naturally occurring tissues. Preferably, the three-dimensional connective tissue cells are first cultured with endothelial cells to form three-dimensional structures of connective tissue cells and endothelial cells, which are thereafter co-cultured with epithelial cells to replicate naturally occurring tissue. The cultured tissue is in the general shape of spheroids having a diameter between about 0.1 mm and about 5 m.

Abstract: The invention is a method of attracting lymphocytes to at least one desired location in the body of a patient for a therapeutic purpose (e.g., treating infection or inflammation, killing tumor cells, etc.), the method comprising contacting the desired location with one or more electrodes and stimulating the tissue with current at an intesity below that which will physically damage the cells, yet sufficient to attract lymphocytes.

Abstract: A container for growing cells in a culture medium is made by sealing two sheets of gas-permeable elastomeric material such as made of silicone together to enclose a culture chamber. A portion of one of the sheets is in the shape of a dome having a wall extending transverse to a major plane of that sheet. The thickness of the wall is greater than the thickness of the rest of the sheet. A permeable and porous body, preferably coated with a thin film of metal, may be in the culture chamber to provide a substrate for three-dimensional growth. A porous body can be implanted in an organ of an animal to allow dividing cells to grow into the porous body. The porous body is removed from the animal and placed in contact with other porous bodies in the culture chamber where cells grow from the porous body containing cells into the other porous bodies.

Abstract: A cell culture chamber with a novel hydrodynamic environment, constructed with gas permeable membranes is disclosed. The culture chamber is horizontally rotated, wall movement suspends cells and enhances oxygen mass transfer as cells aggregate and grow into 3-dimensional tissue.

Abstract: This invention involves treating a patient having a tumor by introducing at the area of the tumor immunologically active cells which are antagonistic to the tumor. The cells being contained in a matrix which allows for cell migration. For example the matrix can be a blood clot.

Abstract: A system for classifying the various major types of blood cells is provided wherein blood cells are passed before a laser beam. The redirected light energy passing through the cell is applied to a detector array which provides a voltage spectrum representative of the spatial relationships of the object. This voltage spectrum is compared rapidly with different spectra representative of different blood cell classes. Whenever a best fit is detected by the comparing means, a count is scored in one of the cell classes. The same means is applicable to the analysis of other cell types such as cancer and exfoliated cells.