Abstract: A spiral separation membrane element effective in reducing the pressure loss around core tube perforated parts, which is problematic especially in low-pressure operations.

Abstract: A spiral separation membrane element which can attain a reduced pressure loss in the permeation-side passage and is effective especially when the feed-side pressure is low, is disclosed. The spiral separation membrane element comprises a perforated core tube and, wound therearound, one or more separation membranes, one or more feed-side passage materials, and one or more permeation-side passage materials, wherein the permeation-side passage materials each have warps 1 extending almost parallel with the direction of flow of a permeated liquid and wefts 2 fixed to the warps 1, a ratio of a pitch (width of each warp+distance between the opposed sides of adjacent warps) to a distance between the opposed sides of adjacent warps (w2/w1) is 1.1/1 to 3/1, and a ratio of a thickness of the passage material to a distance between the opposed sides of adjacent warps (t/w1) is 0.25/1 to 1.25/1.

Abstract: A spiral separation membrane element which can attain a reduced pressure loss in the feed-side passage and is difficult to encounter the problem of flow inhibition or clogging in the feed-side passage. The spiral separation membrane element comprises a perforated cored central tube and, wound therearound, one or more separation membranes, one or more feed-side passage materials, and one or more permeation-side passage materials, wherein the feed-side passage materials each have warps 1 extending almost parallel with the direction of flow of a feed liquid and wefts 2 which are thinner than the warps 1, and a ratio of a pitch of the warps L1 to a pitch of the wefts L2 being from 1/1.5 to 1/6.

Abstract: A spiral wound membrane module comprises a spiral wound membrane element including a separation membrane having high back pressure strength. In filtration running, raw water introduced from a raw water inlet of a pressure vessel is subjected to dead end filtration, and permeate is taken out from a permeate outlet. In washing, wash water containing a chemical having a contaminant separating function is introduced from an end of a water collection pipe through the permeate outlet for performing back wash reverse filtration with a back pressure of 0.05 to 0.3 MPa. The filtration running is temporarily stopped for maintaining the pressure vessel in a state sealed with the raw water and the permeate for a prescribed time. Thus, contaminants adhering to the membrane surface of the spiral wound membrane element are separated. A treatment system is formed by connecting units comprising spiral wound membrane modules in parallel with each other.

Abstract: In a multistage osmosis treatment method including: subjecting liquid to reverse osmosis treatment in a first-stage reverse osmosis separation module (31); adding an alkali agent to the obtained permeated water (5) to adjust a pH value of the permeated water (5) in an alkaline region; and further subjecting the permeated water (5) to reverse osmosis treatment in second and subsequent stage reverse osmosis separation modules (32), the supply water (5) to the second-stage reverse osmosis separation module (32) is subjected to at least one treatment selected from deferrization, demanganization, decarboxylation, and addition of a chelator and a scale inhibitor. Because of this, multistage reverse osmosis treatment is provided, in which the separation performance of the second and subsequent stage reverse osmosis membrane modules is enhanced, and liquid can be separated and purified to a high degree, and boron and the like that are not dissociated in a neutral region can be separated at a high blocking ratio.

Abstract: At the time of back washing of a treatment system, filtrate 2 is reverse-osmosis-filtrated by a reverse osmosis membrane separation device 51 so as to be separated into permeate 3 and concentrate 4. The concentrate 4 obtained from the reverse osmosis membrane separation device 51 is supplied as washing water into a spiral membrane element 10 through pipes 21 and 21a. On this occasion, the concentrate 4 is pressurized by a supply pump 104, so that a separation membrane is back-washed under a back pressure higher than 0.05 MPa but not higher than 0.3 MPa.

Abstract: A liquid separation membrane module includes a semipermeable membrane receiving a pressure of a feed liquid, and a channel material arranged so as to support the back side of the semipermeable membrane. The channel material is a tricot knitted fabric knitted by a tricot knitting machine with two reeds and has a ground stitch portion and a convex portion. The tricot knitted fabric includes a thermoplastic synthetic filament yarn with a core/sheath type conjugated fiber having a high melting point polymer as a core component and a low melting point polymer as a sheath component. Thermoplastic synthetic filament yarns for forming the ground stitch portion and the convex portion have a substantially same fineness, and the yarns in the tricot knitted fabric are bonded with one another by melt adhesion of the low melting point component to rigidity the entire knitted fabric.

Abstract: A spiral wound membrane element allowing back wash reverse filtration at 0.05 MPa to 0.3 MPa is employed for a spiral wound membrane module. Air injection of injecting air of not more than 0.3 MPa into a permeate outlet of the spiral wound membrane module from a pressurized air feeder through a pipe, back wash reverse filtration with permeate and flushing with raw water are performed as recovery of a filtration velocity. Another spiral wound membrane module comprises a spiral wound membrane element including a separation membrane having high back pressure strength. Raw water into which bubbles are diffused by an air diffuser is fed to the spiral wound membrane element stored in a pressure vessel. Part of the raw water is axially fed through the spiral wound membrane element, discharged from a raw water outlet of the pressure vessel and thereafter returned to a raw water tank through a pipe.

Abstract: A spiral wound membrane module comprises a spiral wound membrane element including a separation membrane having high back pressure strength. The flow rate of permeate in filtration of the spiral wound membrane element is preferably set to 0.5 to 2.0 m3/m2/day, and the filtration time is preferably set to 10 to 300 minutes. The flow rate of wash water in washing is preferably set to 1.0 to 4.0 m3/m2/day, and the washing time is preferably set to 10 to 300 seconds. In such ranges, the ratio of the permeate volume in filtration to the permeate volume in back wash reverse filtration is set to be not more than 600.

Abstract: A spiral wound membrane module comprises a spiral wound membrane element including a separation membrane having high back pressure strength. In filtration running, raw water introduced from a raw water inlet of a pressure vessel is subjected to dead end filtration, and permeate is taken out from a permeate outlet. In washing, wash water containing a chemical having a contaminant separating function is introduced from an end of a water collection pipe through the permeate outlet for performing back wash reverse filtration with a back pressure of 0.05 to 0.3 MPa. The filtration running is temporarily stopped for maintaining the pressure vessel in a state sealed with the raw water and the permeate for a prescribed time. Thus, contaminants adhering to the membrane surface of the spiral wound membrane element are separated. A treatment system is formed by connecting units comprising spiral wound membrane modules in parallel with each other.

Abstract: In an external measuring apparatus, a past zero signal value V0 is first read out. A subtracted value obtained by subtracting the zero signal value V0 from a read signal value Vin from an angular velocity detector is compared with a preset first threshold value &Dgr;V1. If no angular velocity is being applied, then the read signal value Vin is updated and set to the zero signal value V0 in which a drift component is canceled. In addition, the subtracted value obtained by subtracting the zero signal value V0 from the read signal value Vin is further compared with a second threshold value &Dgr;V2 so as to perform the zero adjustment of the subtracted value. This makes it possible to eliminate the drift component and the random noise component from the detection signal, enabling accurate angular velocity to be obtained.

Abstract: A module that can be practically used at a pressure of about 3 kgf/cm2 is obtained by treating a polyamide based reverse osmosis membrane with an oxidizing agent. A composite reverse osmosis membrane comprises a thin film which is a polyamide based skin layer obtained by polycondensation of a compound having two or more reactive amino groups and a polyfunctional acid halide compound having two or more reactive acid halide groups, and a microporous support for supporting the thin film. The polyamide based skin layer formed on the surface of the membrane has a mean roughness of 50 nm or more. The composite reverse osmosis membrane is treated with an oxidizing agent. A salt rejection of 99% or more and a flux of 1.5 m3/m2·day or more are obtained when evaluated by using a solution having pH 6.5 containing 500 ppm of sodium chloride at an operating pressure of 7.5 kgf/cm2 and a temperature of 25° C.

Abstract: An oxyntomodulin peptide has cardiotonic activity and insulin release-promoting activity. The peptide or pharmaceutical salts thereof can be used for prevention or treatment of cardiopathy or diabetes.

Abstract: A heat source detector includes an infrared sensor 1 wherein plural infrared ray sensing elements 7 on which an infrared image is formed by an infrared lens 10 are arranged into an array form; and an infrared analyzer 2 which analyzes a detection signal detected by the infrared ray sensing elements 7. The infrared analyzer 2 has: an infrared intensity detecting unit 3 which detects the infrared intensity for each of the infrared ray sensing elements 7; an infrared center of gravity detecting unit 5 which obtains the center of gravity of a heat source emitting infrared rays, from the infrared intensities detected by the infrared intensity detecting unit 3, and a heat source moving direction detecting unit 6 which obtains the moving direction of the heat source, from temporal vector displacement of the center of gravity obtained by the infrared center of gravity detecting unit 5.

Abstract: A system for washing a tank and recovering and treating residual tank liquid includes a first system unit equipped with a suction device for sucking and discharging residual tank liquid, a second system unit equipped with an oil-water separator for separating oil from the discharged residual liquid, a device for treating the separated oil and a supply source for supplying a washing liquid into the tank, a third system unit equipped with an inert gas generator, and first, second and third conveyance mechanism for conveying the first, second and third system units to the tank to be treated.

Abstract: A system for washing a tank and recovering and treating residual tank liquid comprises a first system unit equipped with a suction device for sucking and discharging residual tank liquid, a second system unit equipped with an oil-water separator for separating oil from the discharged residual liquid, a device for treating the separated oil and a pump for supplying a washing liquid into the tank, a third system unit equipped with an inert gas generator, and first, second and third conveyance vehicle for conveying the first, second and third system units to the tank to be treated. The invention also provides a method of operating the system.

Abstract: In a wig, a hair-planting framework bulges outwardly as a whole to have a cap-like outer configuration. The hair-planting framework has a peripheral-edge frame formed generally into an elongated elliptic configuration, and interlocking chain-like thread elements each of which is formed by a filament so knitted as to have stretchability. The chain-like thread elements are arranged within the peripheral-edge frame in intersected relation. The chain-like thread elements are fastened to the peripheral-edge frame to define openings in the hair-planting framework. When the wig is worn onto a head of a wearer, strands of existing hair of the wearer are drawn outwardly through the openings and are blended with strands of hair planted to the hair-planting framework.

Abstract: A multiple-imaging charged particle-beam exposure system includes a charged particle beam source, and a screen lens having lens apertures therein. A charged particle beam is emitted from the charged particle beam source. A beam emerging from each of the lens apertures of the screen lens is irradiated on an object to be exposed, to effect exposure on the object. An image forming electrode is interposed between the screen lens and the object for focusing beams emerging from the screen lens to form images at the image forming electrode. An acceleration/deceleration correcting lens is interposed between the image forming electrode and the object for limiting divergency of the images formed at the image forming electrode. A bias voltage controller applies a bias voltage relative to a potential at the image forming electrode to a surface of the object. Alternatively, a beam limiting aperture plate having beam limiting apertures therein is interposed between the charged particle beam source and the screen lens.

Abstract: An automatic pattern original reading apparatus is disclosed in which perforation position coordinate data of a pattern original indicating a perforation position of a printed substrate is stored beforehand, and a hole diameter indication sheet having a colored indication which discriminates perforation diameter and which is located at a position corresponding to the perforation position of the pattern original is placed on a table. The table and an optical system for optically reading reflected light from the color indication through color filters are moved relatively to each other by position control circuits to the perforation position. The color detection output from the optical system is discriminated with respect to color by a color discrimination circuit, and the color discrimination output is stored in a memory as hole diameter information in a corresponding relationship with the perforation position coordinate data.