Abstract: An internal combustion engine with a turbocharger includes a catalyst, downstream of a turbine, in an exhaust passage. The internal combustion engine includes a waste gate, and a waste gate valve. The internal combustion engine further includes a flow-adjusting member or a flow-adjusting mechanism. The flow-adjusting member disperses a flow of exhaust gas from the waste gate when the opening degree of the waste gate valve is small and concentrates the flow when the opening degree of the waste gate valve is large. The flow-adjusting mechanism switches between a dispersed state in which the flow is dispersed and a concentrate state in which the flow is concentrated.

Abstract: An ignition apparatus includes a plasma device, a first circuit, a second circuit, and a control unit. The plasma device produces a plasma discharge in an air-fuel mixture before an arc discharge is produced. The first circuit causes an ignition plug to start the arc discharge. The second circuit energizes a primary coil in a direction opposite to the direction of the energization by the first circuit during the arc discharge, to maintain energization of the secondary coil in the same direction as the direction of the energization started by an operation of the first circuit, to cause continuation of the arc discharge. The control unit controls operations of the first circuit, the second circuit, and the plasma device.

Abstract: A spool valve unit includes a sleeve member having a high-pressure port and a low-pressure port, a spool member movably accommodated in the sleeve member in an axial direction, and a spring member for biasing the spool member in a first axial direction. The spool valve unit produces an intermediate fluid pressure to be outputted to an outside of the spool valve unit, when electromagnetic force is applied to the spool member so that the spool member is moved at a high speed between the high-pressure port and the low-pressure port. The spring member is composed of a non-linear spring, a biasing force of which is non-linearly changed with respect to a displacement of the spool member.

Abstract: A current control device includes a target setting unit, a storage unit, an oil pressure ratio calculation unit, a specific current detection unit and a correction unit. The target setting unit adds a dither amplitude to a target current so that the current of the solenoid periodically changes at a dither cycle period longer than a PWM cycle period of the solenoid. The storage unit stores a stroke-current relationship between a stroke of the spool and the current of the solenoid. The oil pressure ratio calculation unit calculates an oil pressure ratio which is a value calculated by dividing an amplitude of the output oil pressure by an average value of the output oil pressure. The specific current detection unit detects a specific current based on the oil pressure ratio. The correction unit corrects the stroke-current relationship based on the specific stroke and the specific current.

Abstract: An ignition apparatus includes a plasma device, a first circuit, a second circuit, and a control unit. The plasma device produces a plasma discharge in an air-fuel mixture before an arc discharge is produced. The first circuit causes an ignition plug to start the arc discharge. The second circuit energizes a primary coil in a direction opposite to the direction of the energization by the first circuit during the arc discharge, to maintain energization of the secondary coil in the same direction as the direction of the energization started by an operation of the first circuit, to cause continuation of the arc discharge. The control unit controls operations of the first circuit, the second circuit, and the plasma device.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with a turbocharger includes a catalyst, downstream of a turbine, in an exhaust passage. The internal combustion engine includes a waste gate, and a waste gate valve. The internal combustion engine further includes a flow-adjusting member or a flow-adjusting mechanism. The flow-adjusting member disperses a flow of exhaust gas from the waste gate when the opening degree of the waste gate valve is small and concentrates the flow when the opening degree of the waste gate valve is large. The flow-adjusting mechanism switches between a dispersed state in which the flow is dispersed and a concentrate state in which the flow is concentrated.