Abstract: A silver halide color photosensitive material comprising a support and, superimposed thereon, at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, wherein (i) the specified speed of the photosensitive material is 350 or higher, (ii) the coating amount of silver in the photosensitive material is 7 g/m2 or less, and (iii) any of the color-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers is composed of two or more silver halide emulsion layers of different photographic speeds, of which the silver halide emulsion layer with the highest photographic speed contains tabular silver halide grains of 8 or greater aspect ratio in a ratio of 70% or more based on the total projected area and regular-crystal silver halide grains of 0.1 to 0.5 ?m equivalent sphere diameter in a ratio of 0.5 to 5% based on the total projected area.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic lightsensitive material containing at least one compound capable of increasing photographic speed, the compound having at least three heteroatoms in its molecule, and wherein at least one layer of the silver halide emulsion layers comprises an emulsion, the emulsion consisting of a lightsensitive silver halide emulsion wherein 50% or more in number of all the silver halide grains are occupied by tabular grains having (111) faces as main planes, the tabular grains (i) composed of silver iodobromide or silver chloroiodobromide, (ii) having an equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 ?m or more and a thickness of 0.15 ?m or less, and (iii) composed of core portions of 0.1 ?m or less thickness free of growth ring structure and composed of silver iodobromide and shell portions having ten or more dislocation lines.

Abstract: A silver halide color photosensitive material comprising a support and, superimposed thereon, at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, wherein (i) the specified speed of the photosensitive material is 350 or higher, (ii) the coating amount of silver in the photosensitive material is 7 g/m2 or less, and (iii) any of the color-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers is composed of two or more silver halide emulsion layers of different photographic speeds, of which the silver halide emulsion layer with the highest photographic speed contains tabular silver halide grains of 8 or greater aspect ratio in a ratio of 70% or more based on the total projected area and regular-crystal silver halide grains of 0.1 to 0.5 ?m equivalent sphere diameter in a ratio of 0.5 to 5% based on the total projected area.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic lightsensitive material containing at least one compound capable of increasing photographic speed, the compound having at least three heteroatoms in its molecule, and wherein at least one layer of the silver halide emulsion layers comprises an emulsion, the emulsion consisting of a lightsensitive silver halide emulsion wherein 50% or more in number of all the silver halide grains are occupied by tabular grains having (111) faces as main planes, the tabular grains (i) composed of silver iodobromide or silver chloroiodobromide, (ii) having an equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 &mgr;m or more and a thickness of 0.15 &mgr;m or less, and (iii) composed of core portions of 0.1 &mgr;m or less thickness free of growth ring structure and composed of silver iodobromide and shell portions having ten or more dislocation lines.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic emulsion comprising silver halide grains, wherein 50% or more of the total number of all the silver halide grains are occupied by tabular grains satisfying the following requirements (i) composed of silver iodobromide or silver chloroiodobromide, and having (111) faces as main planes, (ii) having an equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 &mgr;m or more and a thickness of 0.1 &mgr;m or less, (iii) having 10 or more dislocation lines at a fringe portion thereof, and (iv) composed of a core portion substantially not containing any dislocation line and a shell portion containing dislocation lines, and the shell portion having a thickness of 0.01 &mgr;m or more as measured in a direction perpendicular to the main plane.

Abstract: A producing method of a silver halide emulsion comprising the steps of adding silver halide fine grains AgX0 having an to a silver halide seed crystal emulsion containing at least water, dispersion medium 1 and silver halide crystal, and growing the seed crystal by dissolving the added AgX0, wherein AgX0 are formed in dispersion medium solution 2 containing dispersion medium 2, the pH of dispersion medium solution 2 of the time when AgX0 are formed is from 7.3 to 12.2, the average equivalent-circle projected area diameter of AgX0 is from 0.001 to 0.2 &mgr;m, and AgX0 are non-twin crystal grains not substantially having twin planes.

Abstract: A producing method of a silver halide emulsion comprising the steps of adding silver halide fine grains AgX0 having an to a silver halide seed crystal emulsion containing at least water, dispersion medium 1 and silver halide crystal, and growing the seed crystal by dissolving the added AgX0, wherein AgX0 are formed in dispersion medium solution 2 containing dispersion medium 2, the pH of dispersion medium solution 2 of the time when AgX0 are formed is from 7.3 to 12.2, the average equivalent-circle projected area diameter of AgX0 is from 0.001 to 0.2 &mgr;m, and AgX0 are non-twin crystal grains not substantially having twin planes.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic emulsion comprising silver halide grains is disclosed, which is obtained through a process including at least one step of forming grains using a dispersion medium having a low viscosity, wherein 50% or more of the entire projected area of all silver halide grains in the emulsion is occupied by silver halide tabular grains having an aspect ratio of 4 or more and a twin plane spacing of 0.012 &mgr;m or less. Further disclosed is a silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material using the emulsion.

Abstract: A producing method of a silver halide emulsion comprising the steps of adding silver halide fine grains AgX0 having an to a silver halide seed crystal emulsion containing at least water, dispersion medium 1 and silver halide crystal, and growing the seed crystal by dissolving the added AgX0, wherein AgX0 are formed in dispersion medium solution 2 containing dispersion medium 2, the pH of dispersion medium solution 2 of the time when AgX0 are formed is from 7.3 to 12.2, the average equivalent-circle projected area diameter of AgX0 is from 0.001 to 0.2 &mgr;m, and AgX0 are non-twin crystal grains not substantially having twin planes.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic emulsion comprising silver halide grains is disclosed, which is obtained through a process including at least one step of forming grains using a dispersion medium having a low viscosity, wherein 50% or more of the entire projected area of all silver halide grains in the emulsion is occupied by silver halide tabular grains having an aspect ratio of 4 or more and a twin plane spacing of 0.012 &mgr;m or less. Further disclosed is a silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material using the emulsion.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is disclosed, comprising a support having provided thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer, wherein the silver halide emulsion layer contains, in the dispersion medium phase of the emulsion, one or more kinds of inorganic fine particles having a refractive index the total weight of the fine particles contained in the unit volume of the dispersion medium phase is from 1.0 to 95 wt %, the dispersion medium phase containing the fine particles is substantially transparent to the photosensitive peak wavelength light of the emulsion layer, and the photographic material is exposed and processed in the development process comprising at least a developing step and a fixing step.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is disclosed, comprising a support having provided thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer, wherein the silver halide emulsion layer contains, in the dispersion medium phase of the emulsion, one or more kinds of inorganic fine particles having a refractive index the total weight of the fine particles contained in the unit volume of the dispersion medium phase is from 1.0 to 95 wt %, the dispersion medium phase containing the fine particles is substantially transparent to the photosensitive peak wavelength light of the emulsion layer, and the photographic material is exposed and processed in the development process comprising at least a developing step and a fixing step.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a silver halide photographic emulsion comprising turning at least one of an aqueous solution of a silver salt and an aqueous solution of a halide into a linear jet stream having a high flow rate, and mixing the two kinds of solutions with each other for a short time, thereby continuously forming silver halide grains.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic emulsion comprising silver halide grains, wherein 50% or more of the total number of all the silver halide grains are occupied by tabular grains satisfying the following requirements (i) composed of silver iodobromide or silver chloroiodobromide, and having (111) faces as main planes, (ii) having an equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 &mgr;m or more and a thickness of 0.1 &mgr;m or less, (iii) having 10 or more dislocation lines at a fringe portion thereof, and (iv) composed of a core portion substantially not containing any dislocation line and a shell portion containing dislocation lines, and the shell portion having a thickness of 0.01 &mgr;m or more as measured in a direction perpendicular to the main plane.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic emulsion and a silver halide photosensitive material containing the emulsion are disclosed. The grains contained in the emulsion have a variation coefficient of distribution of an equivalent-circle diameter of all the grains of 40% or less, and 50% or more in number of all the grains in the emulsion satisfy requirements (i) to (iii) below: (i) silver iodobromide or silver bromochloroiodide tabular grains having (111) faces as major surfaces, (ii) the equivalent-circle diameter is 3.5 &mgr;m or more and a thickness is 0.25 &mgr;m or less, and (iii) a distance between twin planes of the tabular grain is 0.016 &mgr;m or less.

Abstract: A tunnel boring machine for collecting earth excavated upon rotation of a cutter disk includes a non-pressurized chamber behind the cutter disk for collecting earth excavated by the cutter disk and discharging the earth with a carrying fluid. The machine includes a first open tank arranged in the non-pressurized chamber which serves as a vessel for containing the carrying fluid as well as a hopper for collecting excavated earth. Carrying fluid supply apparatus is provided for supplying the carrying fluid to the first open tank and suction/discharge apparatus is provided for sucking and discharging the carrying fluid supply to the first open tank rearwardly together with the collected earth. Water level control apparatus provided for monitoring a water level of a carrying fluid in the first open tank and keeping the water level between a minimum water level and a maximum water level.