Abstract: An ion beam apparatus with an ion gun in which a gas to be ionized is supplied to the periphery of an emitter and a high voltage is applied between the emitter and an extractor so that the gas introduced to the vicinity of the emitter tip is ionized to generate an ion beam. The structure of the ion gun is formed so as to achieve a high ion current density of the ion beam as well as to prevent short-circuiting that may otherwise be caused by atmospheric electric discharge between the emitter and the extractor.

Abstract: A damper device including first and second support members, one of which is fixed to a support element and the other of which is fixed to a suspended element, an elastic block made of a deformable, elastic material for elastically coupling the two support members and a sealed space formed therein filled with a liquid. One partition member has its periphery fixed to the first support member and divides the sealed space into two chambers. The partition member has therein a member movable along a short distance. Fluid passages are formed in a wall portion of the first support member so as to communicate between the two chambers and to impart flow resistance to the liquid flowing therethrough. The partition member can be suspended to the first support member by an elastic sheet and be movable along the axial direction of the first support member. A solenoid is mounted on the inner wall of the first support member. When the solenoid is energized, the partition member can be fixed to the first support member.

Abstract: An engine-transmission assembly is supported in an engine room of a vehicle by two elastic support devices supporting it substantially at opposite ends of its rolling axis of inertia and two other elastic support devices supporting it substantially at opposite ends of its pitching axis of inertia. The major part of the weight of the engine-transmission assembly may be borne by the two elastic support devices on the rolling axis of inertia, which may be simple rubber block type support devices; and the two elastic support devices on the pitching axis of inertia may be of a type able to present variable spring constant and/or damping coefficient, optionally according to the driving conditions of the vehicle.

Abstract: A torque transmission system has driving and driven pulley units around which an endless V-belt extends. Each pulley unit has a stationary pulley part rotatable with a shaft and a movable pulley part disposed to define with the stationary pulley part a circumferentially continuous groove for receiving the V-belt. The movable pulley parts of the pulley units are axially resiliently biased so that the radii of the circle along which the V-belt engages the driving and driven pulley units are varied to change the speed-change ratio of the transmission system. The movable pulley part of the driven pulley unit is axially shifted by the action of fly weights held between a stationary plate fixed to the shaft and a holder fixed to the movable pulley part.

Abstract: A hydraulic valve lift device for internal combustion engines includes a lifter having therein an oil pressure chamber for introduction of oil and slidably disposed in a cylindrical bore of a housing with one end thereof engaged by a cam or a cam shaft, and a plunger slidably disposed in the lifter for opening and closing an intake or exhaust valve of which a valve lift is variable depending upon the rotational speed of the cam by discharging oil from the oil pressure chamber through a throttling port. A braking chamber is defined by a flange portion of the plunger and the cylindrical bore, and is communicated through a slit with a oil feed chamber adapted to allow oil to flow thereinto. A relief valve is provided for communicating with the braking chamber to control its oil pressure below a set value. A control device is provided for controlling the relief valve depending upon an output of a detector such that the set force of the valve corresponds with a desired value.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the feed of the oil discharged from an oil pump in an internal combustion engine having an oil pump which feeds lubricating oil to the engine by an oil delivery pipe and which feeds working oil to a hydraulic actuator for controlling valve timings of the engine by a branch pipe connected to the oil delivery pipe, comprising valve means in said oil delivery pipe downstream of the connection between the oil delivery pipe and the branch pipe, which opens in accordance with the delivery pressure of the discharged oil to control the amount of the lubricating oil flowing therethrough.

Abstract: A hydraulic valve lift device for internal combustion engines includes a lifter having therein an oil pressure chamber for introduction of oil and slidably disposed in a cylindrical bore of a housing with one end thereof engaged by a cam on a cam shaft, and a plunger slidably disposed in the lifter for opening and closing an intake or exhaust valve of which a valve lift is variable depending upon the rotational speed of the cam by discharging oil from the oil pressure chamber through a throttling port. A braking chamber is defined by a flange portion of the plunger and the cylindrical bore, and is communicated through a slit with a oil feed chamber adapted to allow oil to flow thereinto. A relief valve is provided for communicating with the braking chamber to control its oil pressure below a set value. A control device is provided for controlling the relief valve depending upon an output of a detector such that the set force of the valve corresponds with a desired value.

Abstract: A torque transmission system has driving and driven pulley units around which an endless V-belt extends. Each pulley unit has a stationary pulley part rotatable with a shaft and a movable pulley part disposed to define with the stationary pulley part a circumferentially continuous groove for receiving the V-belt. The movable pulley parts of the pulley units are axially resiliently biased so that the radii of the circle along which the V-belt engages the driving and driven pulley units are varied to change the speed-change ratio of the transmission system. The movable pulley part of the driven pulley unit is axially shifted by the action of fly weights held between a stationary plate fixed to the shaft and a holder fixed to the movable pulley part.

Abstract: A variable valve event engine has a plurality of cams with different cam profiles and can vary the operating characteristics of the valve by moving a rocker arm for selectively changing the cams in accordance with changes in the operating conditions of the engine. The engine further includes a spring urging member which causes a certain amount of energy to be retained in a spring for rapidly changing the cams. The engine has a detector for sensing the temperature of the lubricant utilized in a hydraulic member for moving the rocker arm so that the movement of the rocker arm is effected only when the lubricant temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A hydraulic valve lift device for transmitting the motion of a cam to a push rod of an intake or exhaust valve of an engine, including a housing, a lifter slidably engaged by the housing and provided therein with an oil pressure chamber adapted to receive an oil, and a plunger provided with a flange portion and slidable in relation to the lifter. The flange portion of the plunger and cylindrical bore of the housing cooperate with each other to define therebetween a braking chamber into which oil is introduced. The device has a slit through which the oil in the braking chamber is relieved to the outside. The arrangement is such that the rate of oil relieved through the braking chamber is reduced as the plunger is lowered. The device further includes a relief valve for maintaining the pressure in the braking chamber below a predetermined pressure level.

Abstract: A dual intake valve type internal combustion engine comprises a main intake valve and an auxiliary intake valve. The main intake valve is so constructed that the combustible gas mixture introduced into the combustion chamber therethrough is caused to generate a swirl motion. A variable valve lift type of auxiliary intake valve is constructed, and the valve lift of the auxiliary intake valve is varied in accordance with the changes in the engine operating conditions.

Abstract: A hydraulic tappet is used in a variable valve lift engine. The tappet comprises an outer case having a pressure chamber formed therein, an inner case having an oil chamber formed therein and engaged within the outer case, and a check valve disposed between the pressure chamber and the oil chamber. The pressure chamber is communicated with an electromagnetic valve via an additional check valve. The electromagnetic valve is actuated in accordance with changes in operating conditions of an engine, i.e. the engine load and the temperature of the engine, so that the oil pressure between the additional check valve and the electromagnetic valve is maintained at a predetermined level. As a result, the valve lift of the engine can be varied at an optimum level in accordance with changes in the operating conditions of the engine.

Abstract: A variable valve event engine has a plurality of cams with different cam profiles and can vary the operating characteristics of the valve by moving a rocker arm for selectively changing the cams in accordance with changes in the operating conditions of the engine. The engine further includes a spring urging member which causes a certain amount of energy to be retained in a spring for rapidly changing the cams. In addition, the engine has a stopper guide positioned between two adjacent cams so that the changing of the cams can be effected while the crankshaft angle of the engine is within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A radial turbine having rotor blades, each positioned against the exit surface of the turbine at an angle equal to the angle of the relative velocity, between a gas flow pattern simulating the actual velocity of combustion gas flow through a space between two adjacent turbine blades and a rotating turbine rotor blade, against the turbine exit surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is an internal combustion engine comprising a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber which are interconnected to each other via a connecting passage. The auxiliary combustion chamber symmetrically extends about an axis. The opening of the connecting passage is arranged on the periphery of the inner wall of the cylinder head and is directed in the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the cylinder head. A swirl motion creating means is provided for creating a swirl motion of the combustible mixture which rotates about the axis of the auxiliary combustion chamber at the time of the compression stroke. The spark gap of the spark plug is located on the axis of the auxiliary combustion chamber and in the deep interior of the auxiliary combustion chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a subsidiary combustion chamber connected to a main combustion chamber via a connecting passage. The subsidiary combustion chamber is divided into a first chamber and a second chamber by an annular raised portion formed on the subsidiary combustion chamber. The connecting passage communicates the main combustion chamber with the first chamber for leading a combustible mixture from the main combustion chamber into the first chamber and is arranged so as to create a swirl motion of the combustible mixture in the first and the second chambers. When the combustible mixture is ignited, the annular raised portion serves to prevent outflow of an unburned mixture from the second chamber to the first chamber.

Abstract: Apparatus for preventing surging of a gas turbine especially for a motor car. According to one embodiment of this invention, the apparatus is provided with its main information which is composed of the differential pressure .DELTA.P between the air immediately inwardly of the air filter of the gas turbine and the air at the compressor inlet. When the differential pressure .DELTA.P reaches approximately the critical value .DELTA.Ps at which surging occurs at each number N of rpm of the gas turbine, i.e., (.DELTA.P - .DELTA.Ps) is almost 0, fuel control means are operative to control the fuel supply to the gas turbine, thereby preventing surging. According to another embodiment, the apparatus is provided with its main information for preventing surging of the gas turbine from the ratio of the differential pressure .DELTA.P between the pressure PIN of the air immediately inwardly of the air filter and the air pressure at the inlet of the compressor to PIN, i.e., .DELTA.P/PIN. When .DELTA.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a main combustion chamber and a subsidiary combustion chamber having a spark plug. The subsidiary combustion chamber comprising a restricted opening, a first chamber and a second chamber, said chambers being interconnected by the restricted opening. The first chamber has at least two connecting passages communicating the main combustion chamber and the first chamber. One of the connecting passages is directed to the intake valve. The spark gap of the spark plug is located in the first chamber.