Abstract: In operation of a conventional vertical integration system a primary user cannot provide services to a secondary user belonging to other service group. An identification managing server is proposed to carry out the retrieval of a master-slave relation information by using common identification information as a key and outputs an assurance including its result when the identification managing server receives an assurance request output from a first judgment server at a request of a second judgment server from a first electronic device used by a primary user. Further, the first judgment server outputs an assured service based on such assurance to the second judgment server in order for the primary user to have services from the other vertical integration system to which the secondary user belongs.

Abstract: In the conventional vertical integration system management form, it is impossible or difficult to limit the electronic device function or format when providing a service to an electronic device which is judged by a judgment server of an administrator of the service providing system with whom a service provider has not concluded a contract. To cope with this, a following system is suggested. That is, according to a use request from a first electronic device to a second judgment server, an identification management server which has received a guarantee request outputted from a first judgment server searches an identification management unit for managing information including the electronic device identifiers. According to the search result, a guarantee is outputted. According to the guarantee, the first judgment server outputs a guaranteed service request to the second judgment server.

Abstract: The conventional vertical integration system management form has a problem that a first user cannot receive a service provided by a second user belonging to another service system. To cope with this, a following system is suggested. That is, according to a second judgment server use request from a first electronic device used by a first user, an identification management server which has received a guarantee request outputted from a first judgment server searches for master-slave relationship information based on a common identifier. According to the search result, a guarantee is outputted. According to the guarantee, the first judgment server outputs a guaranteed service request to the second judgment server. Thus, the first user can receive the service used by the second user belonging to other vertical integration type system.

Abstract: A first transmission history dependency processor is provided for processing an electronic request indicated by request information in accordance with the transmission history of the request information. Alternatively, a second transmission history dependency processor is provided for processing object information such as contents in accordance with the transmission history of the object information. On the basis of transmission paths, therefore, the management can be made to protect the copy right of the contents effectively.

Abstract: A system for providing, via a network, information to the users of terminals such as electronic devices, wherein a third party, who has illegally acquired the identifying information of a user, can be prevented from spoofing by use of another electronic device. A portal system comprises a portal image display apparatus having a device identifying information holding part, a portal image display information requesting signal producing part, a portal image display information requesting signal transmitting part, a portal image display information receiving part and a display part; and a portal image server apparatus having a portal image display information requesting signal receiving part, a portal image display information holding part, a first determining part and a portal image display information transmitting part.

Abstract: An optical package substrate and a molding method therefor which provide for easy production, easy mounting of optical elements such as photodiodes and lasers, good functionality, productivity and economy, and an optical device incorporating the package substrate. On the surface of an optical package substrate, a guide groove used for the positioning of an optical fiber and a tapered face adjoining the guide groove are provided, the tapered face being formed to have a predetermined angle. A mirror for reflecting light is formed on the tapered face. An optical fiber is affixed in the guide groove. A surface reception type photodiode, which is placed in a position for receiving light deflected by the mirror, is mounted above the tapered face. By providing a positioning marker for a light receiving element on the optical package substrate, it becomes particularly easy to mount the surface reception type photodiode through passive alignment.

Abstract: Micro-discharge machining is employed to obtain a die, and an optical package substrate is produced by press formation using such a die. An optical fiber, an optical waveguide, a lens, an isolator, an optical filter and a light receiving/emitting element are mounted by passive alignment.

Abstract: Micro-discharge machining is employed to obtain a die, and an optical package substrate is produced by press formation using such a die. An optical fiber, an optical waveguide, a lens, an isolator, an optical filter and a light receiving/emitting element are mounted by passive alignment.

Abstract: Firmware of a battery pack (2) is stored in a rewritable storage device such as a flash memory (8). When troubleshooting or performance improvement is needed, a personal computer main body (host equipment) (1) obtains up-to-date firmware from a storage medium or the Internet, and transmits it to a battery pack (2) via an SMBus (5) using a firmware transfer device (12). A firmware rewriting device (11) of the battery pack (2) rewrites the firmware stored in the flash memory (8) on the basis of the up-to-date firmware.

Abstract: A molding die has a shell having a penetration hole, a lower pattern installed in the lower opening of the shell, and an upper pattern slidably disposed from the upper opening of the shell. The shell includes an outer shell and an inner shell disposed inside of the outer shell. The inner shell is includes plural split shells. The inner shell can be separated from the outer shell. The inner shell, lower pattern, and upper pattern form a cavity. As a result, if the molded product sticks to the inner circumference of the shell, the molded product can be easily taken out of the molding die by disassembling the shell. Further, a molded product having an excellent dimensional precision can be manufactured.

Abstract: Although press formation is a process capable of mass-producing components of the same shape at low cost, conventional die processing using a microgrinder has a poor applicability because it can only do as much as molding V grooves for guiding optical fibers. Microdischarge machining is employed to obtain a die that has been difficult to obtain with a grinding process using a microgrinder, and an optical package substrate is produced by press formation using such a die. Thus, an optical fiber, an optical waveguide, a lens, an isolator, an optical filter and a light receiving/emitting element can be mounted by passive alignment, whereby optical devices and optical modules with multiple functions can be mass-produced at low cost.

Abstract: There is provided an optical package substrate and a molding method therefor, which provides for easy production, easy mounting of optical elements such as photodiodes and lasers, good functionality, productivity, and economy, as well as an optical device incorporating the package substrate. On the surface of an optical package substrate 11, a guide groove 12 used for the positioning of an optical fiber and a tapered face 13 adjoining the guide groove 12 are provided, the tapered face 13 being formed so as to have a predetermined angle. A mirror 17 for reflecting light is formed on the tapered face 13. An optical fiber 15 is affixed in the guide groove 12. Above the tapered face 13 is mounted a surface reception type photodiode 16, which is placed in a position for receiving light deflected by the mirror 17 provided on the tapered face 13.

Abstract: An aspherical rod lens converts light emitted from a predetermined light source or an emittance end of an optical fiber into predetermined light, the aspherical rod lens has

Abstract: Firmware of a battery pack (2) is stored in a rewritable storage device such as a flash memory (8). When troubleshooting or performance improvement is needed, a personal computer main body (host equipment) (1) obtains up-to-date firmware from a storage medium or the Internet, and transmits it to a battery pack (2) via an SMBus (5) using a firmware transfer device (12). A firmware rewriting device (11) of the battery pack (2) rewrites the firmware stored in the flash memory (8) on the basis of the up-to-date firmware.

Abstract: A molding die has a shell having a penetration hole, a lower pattern installed in the lower opening of the shell, and an upper pattern slidably disposed from the upper opening of the shell. The shell includes an outer shell and an inner shell disposed inside of the outer shell. The inner shell is includes plural split shells. The inner shell can be separated from the outer shell. The inner shell, lower pattern, and upper pattern form a cavity. As a result, if the molded product sticks to the inner circumference of the shell, the molded product can be easily taken out of the molding die by disassembling the shell. Further, a molded product having an excellent dimensional precision can be manufactured.

Abstract: A polarization independent optical isolator for transmitting a signal ray in a forward direction and suppressing backward transmission comprises: a first and second optical isolation unit for receiving, transmitting, and outputting signal rays in the forward direction and for suppress backward transmission of any rays; and a reflection unit for coupling to first and second optical isolation unit by directing the outputted signal ray from the first optical isolation unit to the second optical isolation unit, the signal ray received by the first optical isolation unit transmitting in the opposite direction to the outputted signal ray from the second optical isolation unit. A reflection protection unit may be provided to prevent undesired reflection at inlet of the optical isolator. A optical filter for reflecting a component having a predetermined wavelength and transmitting remaining component may be used for the reflection unit. An optical detector may be used for monitoring the remaining component.

Abstract: A polarization independent optical isolator for transmitting a signal ray in a forward direction and suppressing backward transmission comprises: a first and second optical isolation unit for receiving, transmitting, and outputting signal rays in the forward direction and for suppress backward transmission of any rays; and a reflection unit for coupling to first and second optical isolation unit by directing the outputted signal ray from the first optical isolation unit to the second optical isolation unit, the signal ray received by the first optical isolation unit transmitting in the opposite direction to the outputted signal ray from the second optical isolation unit. A reflection protection unit may be provided to prevent undesired reflection at inlet of the optical isolator. A optical filter for reflecting a component having a predetermined wavelength and transmitting remaining component may be used for the reflection unit. An optical detector may be used for monitoring the remaining component.

Abstract: A polarization independent optical isolator for use in optical communication systems is provided. This optical isolator functions to provide dual-way optical isolation wherein an input optical signal entering in the isolation direction is transmitted through the optical isolator twice using a reflecting member, and includes a magnetooptic plate and a birefringent plate disposed between the magnetooptic plate and the reflecting member.

Abstract: An optical semiconductor module for holding an optical fiber inserted in a ferrule and for coupling light into the optical fiber, including: a semiconductor light-emitting device; a lens for converging light emitted from the semiconductor light-emitting device; a holder having a cylindrical part for holding the semiconductor light-emitting device and the lens therein and for allowing the adjustment of a position where the semiconductor light-emitting device is to be fixed and thereby enabling the spacing between the semiconductor light-emitting device and the lens to be adjusted, the lens being fixed inside the cylindrical part and the semiconductor light-emitting device also fixed inside the cylindrical part with the optical axis thereof aligned with the lens; and a receptacle having an inner cylinder for holding the ferrule therein, and joined to one end of the holder by butting end to end so as to allow the joining ends to be adjusted in directions perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens so that the

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an optical passive component having a polarization-independent optical isolator for constituting an optical fiber amplifier and exhibiting an optical isolator function. At least first and second optical fibers for input and output of light rays, a birefringent crystal, a lens for converting the input light rays into nearly collimated rays, a magnetooptical crystal for receiving a magnetic field so as to rotate by .pi./8+N.pi./4(n=0, 1, . . . ) the polarization direction of the input light rays, and a reflector are disposed in order. A half wave plate is provided to cover one portion of the ray path between the above described birefringent crystal and the above described lens.