Abstract: A non-aqueous secondary cell having a positive electrode, an electrolytic solution which contains an organic solvent, and a negative electrode which is made of a carbon material having a ratio of I.sub.O to I.sub.C at least 2, where I.sub.O is a peak intensity of oxygen atoms around 530-540 eV and I.sub.C is a peak intensity of carbon atoms around 285 eV in a photoelectron spectrum of an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy under conditions of 12 kV and 10 mA, which cell has a small retention, a large capacity, and safety against ignition.

Abstract: An organic electrolytic solution secondary cell having a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an organic electrolytic solution, wherein a solvent of the organic electrolytic solution contains a triester of phosphoric acid, and the negative electrode contains a carbonaceous material, further, the carbonaceous material of the negative electrode has the specific surface condition, and carbon dioxide is dissolved in the organic electrolytic solution, whereby safety and shelf stability of the cell are increased, and also cell properties such as the closed circuit voltage, the retention (difference between the charge capacity and the discharge capacity), the discharge capacity and so on are improved.

Abstract: An organic electrolytic solution cell having a positive electrode, a negative electrode which is made of an alkali metal or a compound containing an alkali metal, and an organic electrolytic solution which contains, as an electrolyte, an organic metal salt containing an atom selected from the elements of IIIb to Vb groups of the Periodic Table which forms an anion center and an electron attractive organic group bonded to the atom through an oxygen atom, or an organic metal salt having an atom which forms an anion center and a counter cation in a molar ratio of the counter cation to the anion center atom of larger than 1, which cell has excellent shelf stability.