Abstract: A first rotary shaft is rotated by a driver and rotatively connected to a first rotary load. A second rotary shaft is rotatively connected to a second rotary load. A hydraulic pump includes a first rotor disposed on the first rotary shaft so as to be rotated together therewith. A second rotor is disposed on the second rotary shaft so as to be rotated together therewith. The second rotor acts so that, when a revolution speed difference has occurred between the first and second rotary shafts, the first and second rotors are each relatively slided on a sliding surface thereon by relative rotation corresponding to the difference, to heighten the pressure of liquid-tightly interposed oil and then supply the pressure-heightened oil.

Abstract: A full time-four-wheel-drive vehicle in which front and rear wheels are always connected to each other through a torque transmission coupling includes an engine; a transmission, a first differential which is driven through the transmission to drive one of a front and a rear wheel systems; a second differential which is drivingly connected to the other of the systems; and a torque transmission coupling which includes an input shaft which is drivingly connected to the transmission and the first differential, an output shaft which is drivingly connected to the second differential, an oil pump which is driven by the relative rotation between the input shaft and the output shaft to generate oil pressure corresponding to the speed of the relative rotation, and a friction clutch mechanism which engages the input shaft and the output shafts with each other by the oil pressure generated by the oil pump.

Abstract: A four wheel driving power transmission is provided which is interposed between an input shaft and an output shaft in a driving power transmitting system for the wheels of a four wheel drive car. The transmission is provided with a member in association with one of the input shaft and the output shaft and a cylindrical casing in association with the other. The casing seals therein a working fluid in a fluid-tight manner and houses a fluid pressure pump operating by relative rotation of the casing with respect to the shaft, a piston actuated by discharge pressure of the pump, and a sliding clutch for engaging the shaft with the cylindrical casing through operation of the piston.

Abstract: An intermittent type swirl injection nozzle providing substantially improved spray characteristics while being easy to manufacture and install. The nozzle includes a nozzle body and a needle valve slidably disposed in a guide hole of the nozzle body with a spray hole communicating a body seat formed inside the nozzle body and the forward end of the needle valve. A swirl passage is provided around the needle valve for giving a swirl flow influence around the axis of the needle valve to fuel when the needle valve is lifted from the body seat. A straight passage is provided in a portion where the inner wall of the guide hole and the needle valve make sliding contact for giving the fuel a straight flow influence in the axial direction of the needle valve. The two flows are joined prior to passing through the spray hole.

Abstract: In an intermittent type swirl injection nozzle including a nozzle body having a through hole and a spray hole, a needle valve inserted into the through hole, and a partition member of a cylindrical shape fittedly and fixedly inserted into the through hole, a gap area between the needle valve and the partition member is increased in accordance with the lift of the needle valve. For this purpose, a tapered portion and a top end face are provided on the partition member in a manner that they contact with a tapered portion and a step portion provided on the needle valve when the needle valve is in a position to close the spray hole. The resultant injection nozzle has a variable injection rate and spray angle.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission for vehicular use including a torque converter, a CVT (continuously variable transmission mechanism), and a rotation transmission mechanism of a variable ratio having at least reverse and forward low speed ranges of large reduction ratios and a forward high speed range of small reduction ratio and which is equipped with a planetary gear mechanism.

Abstract: A gear transmission mechanism for an automotive vehicle, with a power input shaft, including several combination assemblies, each including a layshaft and a selectively engagable friction engaging mechanism which can either be engaged to rotationally drive the layshaft from the power input shaft or can be disengaged to rotationally disengage the layshaft from the power input shaft. All the layshafts are substantially parallel with one another and with a mainshaft. Each of several pairs of gear wheels consists of a mainshaft gear mounted on the mainshaft and a layshaft gear mounted on one of the layshafts. Of each of these pairs, one is a fixed gear which is fixed to its shaft on which it is mounted, and the other is an idler gear which, according to the selective operation of a gear engaging system, either can be rotationally coupled to its shaft on which it is mounted, or can be left rotationally disengaged from that shaft.

Abstract: An intake system of an internal combustion engine having at least two intake ports formed in the cylinder head. Each of the intake ports comprises an inlet port portion and a port terminating portion formed around the valve stem of the intake valve. Each of the inlet port portions has an opening which is open to the corresponding port terminating portion. The port terminating portions are interconnected to each other via a common connecting passage. The common connecting passage has opposed end openings, each being open to the corresponding port terminating portion at a position opposite to the opening of the corresponding inlet port portion with respect to the valve stem of the corresponding intake valve.

Abstract: A throttle valve is positioned at the entrance to a swirl type of suction passage near to the corresponding intake valve of a cylinder in an internal combustion engine. The valve is designed so that when it is opened only slightly (e.g. 30.degree.-40.degree.), the flow of intake gas passing therethrough converges to flow eccentrically along one side of the suction passage. This arrangement provides full control of the intake gas in the suction passage before it reaches the combustion chamber, even when the volume of flow is small, thereby producing an effective swirl within the combustion chamber for all operating conditions of the engine.

Abstract: An optimum control method for internal combustion engines uses the values of an engine control variable, such as engine timing, which are arranged in a map and stored in a memory. During normal operation, the engine is operated in accordance with one of the mapped engine control variable values related to engine operating conditions. During a fuel consumption minimization operation, the mapped engine control variable value is changed by an incremented amount to operate the engine therewith, and the mapped engine control variable value is replaced by the changed engine control variable value, if it is detected that the change by the incremented amount is in a direction to reduce the fuel consumption rate of the engine. This optimum engine control method can compensate for changes in the characteristics of engines caused during the manufacture or caused by changes over time during their operation, thereby ensuring the operation of an engine at a minimum rate of fuel consumption.

Abstract: A fuel supplying device for use in fuel injection type internal combustion engine. The device has a fuel metering device operatively connected to an air valve device disposed in the air horn upstream of a throttle valve, fuel supplying means adapted to supply the fuel at a constant supplying pressure to the fuel metering device, a constant differential pressure valve arranged to maintain a predetermined differential pressure across the fuel metering device, and an injector for discharging the metered fuel into the air horn in the vicinity of the throttle valve. The constant differential pressure valve includes a diaphragm type valve arranged to sense and amplify differential pressure across the fuel metering device, and a variable orifice type flow control device arranged to charge flow resistance of the metered fuel.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder engine comprising an intake manifold forming therein a main and an auxiliary intake passage, which are equipped with a main and an auxiliary carburetor, respectively. A second throttle valve is provided for each cylinder. Each of the secondary throttle valves is arranged in the respective manifold branch forming therein the main intake passage. Each of auxiliary branch intake passages branched off from the auxiliary intake passage opens into the respective intake port at a position near the intake valve. A primary throttle valve is arranged in the auxiliary intake passage and opened in accordance with increase in level of the load of an engine. The secondary throttle valves are opened after the opening degree of the primary throttle valve is increased beyond a predetermined opening degree.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine having an intake manifold equipped with a variable venturi type carburetor. A secondary throttle valve is provided for each cylinder. Each of the secondary throttle valves is arranged in the respective manifold branch. An auxiliary intake passage is branched off from the collecting portion of the intake manifold and connected to a distribution channel formed in the cylinder head. Each of the intake ports is connected to the distribution channel via a corresponding channel branch which opens into the intake port at a position near the intake valve. A primary throttle valve is arranged in the auxiliary intake passage and opened in accordance with an increase in level of the load of an engine. The secondary throttle valves are opened after the opening degree of the primary throttle valve is increased beyond a predetermined opening degree.

Abstract: A fuel supply apparatus for internal combustion engines of a type including an air valve disposed in an intake conduit of the engine upstream of a throttle valve. A sensor is used for sensing the pressure in an air pressure chamber defined within the intake conduit between the air valve and the throttle valve and a feedback control unit is used for controlling the air valve in response to the pressure sensed by the sensor in order to maintain the pressure in the air pressure chamber at a preset value. A fuel flow metering valve is disposed in a fuel feed channel leading from a source of fuel under pressure to the intake conduit and the metering value is interlocked with the air valve in such a manner that the opening degree of the fuel metering valve is in proportion to that of the air valve.

Abstract: In a fuel supply apparatus for an internal combustion engine, a fuel discharging apparatus includes a fuel discharge port opened in an air intake conduit and a fuel valve for injecting a controlled quantity of fuel into the air intake passage through the discharge port. An annular fuel whirling chamber is formed around the fuel valve to receive fuel flow in a tangential direction to cause the fuel flow to whirl within the annular chamber. On the other hand, an annular recess is formed in a passage communicating the discharge port and the fuel valve with each other to forcively feed air to the fuel flowing through the passage. The fuel is thus intensively mixed with air and can be easily atomized upon being injected into the air intake passage through the discharge orifice.

Abstract: An exhaust gas control actuator wherein the feed of secondary air fed to an exhaust piping is controlled by an oxygen concentration detector disposed in the stream of exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine and an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas entering a catalyst disposed downstream of the exhaust piping is maintained within a given range. The actuator comprises a flow control valve and a flow control device for controlling the flow control valve. The flow control valve is provided with a flow-in port communicated with an air pump and the valve body, a flow-out port communicated with an exhaust manifold and a bypass port communicated with an air cleaner.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a primary fuel circuit for producing a lean mixture of air and hydrocarbon fuel to be fed into a combustion chamber and a secondary fuel circuit which includes a secondary carburetor for producing a mixture of air and methanol at an air-methanol ratio of less than 2.0. The air-methanol mixture is fed into a reactor vessel having therein a catalyst bed which is heated to facilitate reaction between the components of the air-methanol mixture. By the reaction the air-methanol mixture is converted into a reformed gaseous mixture rich with hydrogen which is then mixed with an air-hydrocarbon fuel mixture to form a composite mixture to be supplied into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A fuel supply apparatus for an internal combustion engines comprises a throttle valve disposed in an intake conduit leading to the internal combustion engine, an air valve disposed in the intake conduit upstream of the throttle valve so as to define an air pressure chamber in the intake conduit in cooperation with the throttle valve, a device for controlling the air valve in response to the pressure prevailing in the air pressure chamber so that the pressure be maintained at a substantially constant level, and a fuel metering device including a variable throttle passage provided in a fuel feed conduit opening in the intake conduit through a fuel injection valve and interlocked with the air valve to be controlled so that the flow section area of the throttle passage may be proportional to the opening degree of the air valve, and a device for maintaining difference in pressure produced across the variable throttle passage at a predetermined value.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal combustion engine has an air valve disposed in an intake passage downstream of a throttle valve to cooperate therewith to define an air pressure chamber and operative to maintain a substantially constant pressure therein. A fuel circuit includes a fuel discharge port open to the intake passage and a fuel-metering orifice operatively associated with the air valve such that the fuel-flowing section of the orifice is varied in proportion to the air-flowing section of the air valve. A constant differential fuel pressure valve is disposed in the fuel circuit to maintain a substantially constant fuel pressure difference across the fuel metering orifice during normal engine operation. The differential fuel pressure valve is mechanically operatively connected to a piston-cylinder assembly into which the fuel pressure upstream of the fuel-metering orifice is introduced.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a secondary air supply system and a fuel injection system including a two-fluid injection nozzle operative to inject air and fuel both under pressure into engine intake system. The secondary air supply system includes an air pump and a secondary air supply line extending between the pump and the engine exhaust system. The two-fluid injection nozzle is pneumatically connected to an air distributor provided on the secondary air supply line whereby pressurized air from the air pump is also supplied to the two-fluid injection nozzle and injected thereby together with the fuel to facilitate atomization of the injected fuel as well as to supercharge the engine.