Abstract: Provided is a fumed silica for chemical-mechanical polishing with which post-polishing scratches occurring on a surface of an object to be polished can be significantly reduced, and which is important for miniaturization and multi-layering of a structure. The fumed silica according to the present invention has a BET specific surface area of 57-400 m2/g. In a liquid dispersion which is obtained by ultrasonically dispersing 6.25 mass % of this fumed silica in water at a vibration frequency of 20 kHz and an amplitude of 15-25 ?m for 3 minutes, the amount of residues on a sieve is 5 ppm or less as measured by wet sieving using an electroformed sieve having a mesh opening size of 5 ?m.

Abstract: An inspection method of the present invention performs a step of giving the electric motor an instructing for rotating a foot shaft in a reverse direction and checking whether the foot shaft is rotating in the reverse direction, and a step of checking whether hydraulic pressure acting on the hydraulic pump has reached a predetermined pressure level. By checking a rotating direction of the electric motor, it is possible to check electrical connections. By checking the hydraulic pressure, it is possible to check whether there is any trouble in a hydraulic system. Namely, the present invention can perform an electrical connection check and a hydraulic pressure check in a collective fashion.

Abstract: An inspection method of the present invention performs a step of giving the electric motor an instructing for rotating a foot shaft in a reverse direction and checking whether the foot shaft is rotating in the reverse direction, and a step of checking whether hydraulic pressure acting on the hydraulic pump has reached a predetermined pressure level. By checking a rotating direction of the electric motor, it is possible to check electrical connections. By checking the hydraulic pressure, it is possible to check whether there is any trouble in a hydraulic system. Namely, the present invention can perform an electrical connection check and a hydraulic pressure check in a collective fashion.

Abstract: In the case where a difference between rotational speeds of right and left wheels detected by wheel speed sensors is less than a predetermined value, a right and left wheel power transmission control section distributes driving force between the right and left wheels so that a total value of the driving force of the right and left wheels does not exceed a limit value set up by a front and rear wheels power transmission control section. In the case where the difference between the rotational speeds of the right and left wheels is the predetermined value or more, the right and left wheel power transmission control section transmits the driving force up to a driving force upper limit for each wheel to the respective right and left rear wheels regardless of the total value of the driving force of the right and left rear wheels.

Abstract: An object is to suppress an influence on an antenna and a circuit performing communication with an IC tag in which a signal excited by an antenna which does not perform communication with the IC tag is a noise source. When an IC tag reading and writing device performs communication with a first IC tag, the IC tag reading and writing device connects an antenna (210) to a first matching circuit (230) using a switching unit (260) in a communication unit (200) corresponding to a frequency of the first IC tag. In addition, the IC tag reading and writing device connects the antenna (210) to the second matching circuit (240) using the switching unit (260) in the other communication unit (200).

Abstract: In the case where a difference between rotational speeds of right and left wheels detected by wheel speed sensors is less than a predetermined value, a right and left wheel power transmission control section distributes driving force between the right and left wheels so that a total value of the driving force of the right and left wheels does not exceed a limit value set up by a front and rear wheels power transmission control section. In the case where the difference between the rotational speeds of the right and left wheels is the predetermined value or more, the right and left wheel power transmission control section transmits the driving force up to a driving force upper limit for each wheel to the respective right and left rear wheels regardless of the total value of the driving force of the right and left rear wheels.

Abstract: Fine dry silica particles are produced by combustion by using a burner of a multiple-pipe structure, feeding a mixed gas of a gas of a siloxane compound without containing halogen in the molecules thereof and an oxygen gas at a ratio of 0.3 to 1.5 into the center pipe of a burner, and feeding a combustible gas into the first annular pipe on the outer side of the center pipe of the burner. The fine dry silica particles has a BET specific surface area of 20 to 55 m2/g, and wherein the water suspension containing the fine silica particles at a concentration of 1.5% by weight has an optical absorbance ? for the light of a wavelength of 700 nm satisfying the following formula (1): ??240S?1.4?0.07??(1) wherein S is the BET specific surface area (m2/g) of the fine dry silica particles.

Abstract: Fine dry silica particles are produced by combustion by using a burner of a multiple-pipe structure, feeding a mixed gas of a gas of a siloxane compound without containing halogen in the molecules thereof and an oxygen gas at a ratio of 0.3 to 1.5 into the center pipe of a burner, and feeding a combustible gas into the first annular pipe on the outer side of the center pipe of the burner. The fine dry silica particles has a BET specific surface area of 20 to 55 m2/g, and wherein the water suspension containing the fine silica particles at a concentration of 1.5% by weight has an optical absorbance ? for the light of a wavelength of 700 nm satisfying the following formula (1): ??240S?1.4?0.07??(1) wherein S is the BET specific surface area (m2/g) of the fine dry silica particles.

Abstract: Data defining an outline shape of a section, color-region image data and adhesion-region image data are generated, color toners are transferred onto a color region and an adhesion region on a sheet in accordance with the respective image data, the sheet is aligned on processed sheets and laminated thereon. Next, a laminated body of the sheets is bonded by heating and pressurizing, and the laminated and bonded sheets are cut along the sectional outline shape. Further, sectional shape data of a solid model are generated and a transparent toner is transferred as an adhesive onto the adhesion region of the sheet. Then, after aligning and laminating the sheet on the processed sheets, the transparent toner is melted to bond the sheets. Color toners are transferred onto the color region of the sheet and the sheet is cut along the outline shape. Furthermore, the color region is defined on a transparent sheet in accordance with the sectional shape of the solid model.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing multi-layer display panel provided with a plurality of panel elements layered together, including: a step of forming each of the panel elements using first and substrates each having an electrode; a step of adhering the panel elements; and a step of connecting the electrode on the substrate to a driver element. The multi-layer display panel is manufactured such that the substrate of the each panel element is provided with an overlap portion and a connection portion used for connecting the electrode on the substrate to the driver element. In the adhering step, the panel elements are adhered together while handling at least one of the panel elements to be adhered together as a base panel element, and handling at least one of the panel elements to be adhered together as an additional-adhered panel element.

Abstract: A multi-layer display panel having first, second and third panel elements layered together. Each of the panel elements has first and second substrates opposed to each other. The first, second and third panel elements are overlaid together to locate the first substrate of the first panel element, the second substrate of the first panel element, the second substrate of the second panel element, the first substrate of the second panel element, the first substrate of the third panel element and the second substrate of the third panel element in this order.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel is manufactured through several steps. First and second substrates are positioned on first and second stages and then preheated to a certain temperature. A liquid crystal is applied on one end portion of first or second substrates. Then, the first and second substrate are opposed and superimposed at one end portions via the liquid crystal. A press member presses the one end portion while the first stage is moved relative to the press member, so that the press member presses incremental portions of the substrates to make an initial bonding thereof At this moment, the liquid material is extended toward the opposite end portions of the substrates. The bonded substrates are again pressed and heated while the first stage moves relative to the heat member. This causes the incremental portions to be heated and thereby bonded permanently.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display of the present invention includes first and second substrates. The first substrate has a surface supporting thereon a plurality of parallel first electrodes. The second substrate has a first surface and second surface opposed to the first surface. The first surface supports thereon a plurality of parallel second electrodes. The second substrate is positioned so that the first surface opposes the surface of the first substrate to define a gap therebetween and the first and second electrodes cross with each other. A memory type liquid crystal is filled in the gap. A plurality of first and second terminals are positioned on the second surface and electrically connected with the first and second electrodes, respectively, so that the first and second terminals are capable of being connected with an external device.

Abstract: A belt slippage correcting device and method for correcting slippage of a belt which is transported in a predetermined direction. The belt slippage correcting device has a slippage detecting device for detecting slippage of the belt in a direction perpendicular to the belt transporting direction and a moving device for moving the belt in the direction perpendicular to the belt transporting direction and control device for controlling the moving device based on the detected slippage of the belt by the belt slippage detecting device The slippage of the belt is corrected while the moving velocity of the belt in the direction perpendicular to the belt transporting direction is maintained within a predetermined scope of velocity. The device and method may be used in an image forming apparatus, such as an electrophotographic image forming apparatus.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first developing device, accommodating a first kind of toner without an offset preventing agent, a second developing device accommodating a second kind of toner containing an offset preventing agent, and a roller fixing device having a supply portion for supplying an offset preventing agent. The image forming apparatus changes the amount of the offset preventing agent to be supplied to the fixing roller between the case of fixing a copy image formed with the first kind of toner and the case of fixing a copy image formed with the second kind of toner.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a surface reforming agent comprising a cone-type calix ?4! resorcinarene compound represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms or a substituted or non-substituted aryl group; R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a carboxyalkyl group in which the alkyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyalkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for forming an image onto a sheet includes a sheet supporting member; a charger which is positioned in a vicinity of the sheet supporting member; and a device for controlling the charger so that the charger charges a specific portion of the sheet supporting member corresponding to a leading edge portion of the sheet to an electrostatic potential higher than that of a remaining portion of the sheet supporting member. A method of adhering a sheet to a sheet supporting member during an image forming process includes charging a specific portion of the sheet supporting member corresponding to a leading edge portion of the sheet to a first electrostatic potential; charging a remaining portion of the sheet supporting member to a second electrostatic potential that is lower than the first electrostatic potential; and delivering the sheet to the sheet supporting member so that a leading edge portion of the sheet is aligned with the specific portion of the sheet supporting member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a plurality sets of prints from a plural-page original in an image forming apparatus having an endless transfer member onto which images are transferred from an image retaining member. The endless transfer member is operable to support a predetermined number (X) of images during one cyclic movement thereof. In this method, a first printing operation is executed in which the predetermined number (X) of images of a first page of the original are formed on the endless transfer member during one cyclic movement thereof when a desired number (Y) of sets of prints exceeds said predetermined number (X). Second, the first printing operation is repeated until a remaining number (M) of image(s) of the first page becomes less than said predetermined number (X).

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having a refeeding unit for temporarily containing image-formed sheets as a horizontal pile and for refeeding the sheets for the second image forming operation. The refeeding unit can be pulled out from a body frame in the direction perpendicular to a sheet transporting direction. A setting position of the refeeding unit in the body frame can be adjusted to be parallel with the sheet transporting direction. The refeeding unit has an intermediate tray on which the sheets are piled, a refeeding roller which feeds the sheets piled on the intermediate tray from the most bottom sheet successively one by one, a sheet front end aligning member, a sheet rear end aligning member, a sheet side aligning member and a sheet pressing plate which, every time a sheet is transported to the intermediate tray and every time a sheet is refed from the intermediate tray, presses the sheet toward the refeeding roller.

Abstract: A copying apparatus for forming a hard copy image through an electrophotographic process includes an image forming apparatus which can form an image on a recording paper in various density levels, and a diagnostic unit for discriminating the image forming apparatus into three states of being capable of forming a proper image, being operable but incapable of forming a proper image, and being incapable of operation. Since the image forming states of the copying apparatus are divided into three stages, appropriate operation is performed in the copying apparatus using the electrophotographic process in response to the state of the machine.