Abstract: An active matrix substrate comprises a substrate, a plurality of adhesion parts provided on the substrate so as to have substantially the same height, and a plurality of active elements provided on the plurality of adhesion parts, respectively, each of the plurality of adhesion parts including a height control member and an adhesive.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a plurality of pixel electrodes and a plurality of liquid crystal layers stacked alternately. A shield electrode is disposed below the lowest pixel electrode. Potential differences are applied to liquid crystal layers other than the uppermost liquid crystal layer by supplying potentials to the respective pixel electrodes. Thereafter, the pixel electrodes other than the uppermost pixel electrode are rendered in a floating state, and a prescribed potential difference is applied to the uppermost liquid crystal layer by supplying a proper potential to the uppermost pixel electrode. A potential corresponding to the potential that is supplied to the uppermost pixel electrode is applied to the shield electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is an active matrix type liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal material having spontaneous polarization induced by application of an electric field or inherent thereto and includes a driving circuit for simultaneously selecting and driving a desired number of scanning lines among a plurality of scanning lines and a voltage applying circuit for applying a desired voltage for alignment of the liquid crystal material to a common electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a plurality of pixel portions having a switching circuit, and a holding circuit for holding display signal voltage supplied from a signal line. A voltage supply circuit includes a pixel electrode for supplying the voltage held by the holding circuit to a liquid crystal layer. A control circuit is provided for controlling the impedance of the pixel electrode to supply the display signal voltage to the liquid crystal layer for preselected time periods.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is an active matrix type liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal material having spontaneous polarization induced by application of an electric field or inherent thereto and includes a driving circuit for simultaneously selecting and driving a desired number of scanning lines among a plurality of scanning lines and a voltage applying circuit for applying a desired voltage for alignment of the liquid crystal material to a common electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises a reflector made of a high-reflectance material, a light scattering layer formed on the reflector, the light scattering layer containing light scattering particles introduced into a transparent resin, a first transparent electrode formed on the light scattering layer, a transparent substrate opposed to the light scattering layer with a prescribed gap interposed therebetween, a second transparent electrode formed on the transparent substrate and having a portion that is opposed to the first transparent electrode, and a layer of a guest-host type liquid crystal introduced into the gap between the light scattering layer and the transparent substrate and having a portion that is sandwiched between the first and the second transparent electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a liquid crystal layer intervened between a first and a second electrode; a circuit for applying a first data signal; a circuit for applying a second data signal; a circuit for holding a selecting signal; and a selecting circuit for applying the first data signal or the second data signal to the first electrode corresponding to the selecting signal held in the holding means. A state of applying the first data signal to a pixel and a state of applying the second data signal to the pixel are determined corresponding to a selecting signal. Since these two states are held by the holding circuit, the selecting signal is not required to be applied when an image displayed does not change, and power consumption is lowered extensively.

Abstract: A pixel electrode is connected to a signal line via an n-channel TFT element for writing image signals and the pixel electrode is connected to an auxiliary storage capacitance line via p-channel TFT element for resetting the pixel electrode, wherein gate electrodes of the n-channel and p-channel TFT elements provided in a pixel region are commonly connected to a corresponding scanning line of the pixel region or to the corresponding scanning line and an adjacent scanning line, respectively.

Abstract: Some conventional liquid crystal display devices were hard to make connection to a pixel electrode interposed between liquid crystal layers when a picture element is configured by laminating a plurality of liquid crystal layers. The liquid crystal display device comprises a first substrate having a first applying means for applying a first signal; a first electrode opposed to the first substrate; at least one liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the first electrode; a pillar made of an insulating material, formed on the first substrate so as to have a lateral face and to pierce through the liquid crystal layers; and at least one first wiring pattern formed on the lateral face of the pillar to connect the first applying means and the first electrode. Specifically, this liquid crystal display device has the pillar and the wiring pattern formed on the lateral face of the pillar as the inter-connector to connect to the pixel electrode interposed between the liquid crystal layers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is constituted so that liquid crystal having an inherent spontaneous polarization or a spontaneous polarization induced by applying an electric field is interposed between a pixel electrode disposed in matrix and a counter electrode, and a display signal is applied to the pixel electrode through a switching element. In the liquid crystal display device constituted mentioned above, when an electrostatic capacitance of one pixel is C.sub.LC (F), a spontaneous polarization per unit electrode area of the liquid crystal is P.sub.s (C/m.sup.2), a voltage applied between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode is E (V), a pixel electrode area of one pixel is A (m.sup.2), and a storage capacitance for one pixel is C.sub.s (F), they satisfy the following equation;P.sub.s .times.A.ltoreq.5.times.(C.sub.s +C.sub.LC).times.E(1)Thereby, a display of high contrast and high response speed can be obtained.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a main chuck, on which a wafer having a number of devices is held, is driven under the control of a computer, and the devices on the wafer are brought into electric contact with the probes arranged on the upper side of the main chuck. On the basis of outputs from the probes, a tester sequentially measures the electric characteristics of the devices.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal layer driven by a data signal which comprises a TFT for selecting the data signal; and a ferroelectric layer of which a polarized state is controlled corresponding to the data signal selected by the TFT, and the liquid crystal layer responds to the polarized state of the ferroelectric layer, and the liquid crystal layer is driven when the liquid crystal layer responds to the polarized state of the ferroelectric layer. Since the ferroelectric layer can keep stable the polarized state for a long duration, a driving frequency can be reduced substantially to a substantially DC level, and power consumption is reduced to a great extent. In addition, the ferroelectric layer formed in a pixel divides the liquid crystal corresponding to the polarized domains of the ferroelectric layer, thereby showing an analogous grayscale image.

Abstract: Each pixel of a liquid crystal display device comprises a switching device for selecting a data signal, a memory portion for storing the data signal selected by the switching device and outputting an analog signal corresponding to the data signal, and a circuit for supplying an AC voltage corresponding to the analog signal to the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer is driven with a data signal stored in the memory portion or with an AC voltage corresponding to an analog signal corresponding to the data signal. With the signal stored in the memory portion, an AC voltage whose effective value or average value is controlled is supplied to the liquid crystal layer. Thus, unless a picture on the display is changed, since it is not necessary to supply the data signal, the peripheral driving circuit can be stopped. Consequently, although a picture is displayed in gradation mode, the power consumption can be remarkably reduced.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes systems of voltage applying devices for applying voltages to a liquid crystal and a controlling device for switching among these systems. The systems of voltage applying devices each have at least one non-linear switching element, and the controlling device has a memory portion for storing the switched state. With such a construction, electric power loss caused by one signal line having a relatively high frequency can be avoided by using another signal line having a relatively low frequency, thereby allowing a white, black, or gradation display with reduced power consumption.

Abstract: It is an object of this invention to provide an active matrix type liquid crystal display which uses a ferroelectric liquid crystal or antiferroelectric liquid crystal, which has a high response speed, a wide angle of field, and a high contrast, and which does not cause a "step response" phenomenon.

Abstract: A thin film field effect transistor has a hate electrode formed on a glass substrate and a gate insulation film. A channel region, formed of a semiconductor layer, is provided to be opposite to the gate electrode through the gate insulation film, and a pair of source/drain regions, formed of a n-type semiconductor layer, is provided to sandwich the channel region therebetween. An insulation channel protection layer is formed on the channel region. A silicide layer is formed on the source/drain regions, and source/drain electrodes comes in contact therewith. The drain electrode of the source/drain electrodes has an electrode extension portion extending onto the channel protection layer, and being opposite to the channel region through the channel protection layer.

Abstract: A thin film transistor is disclosed, which comprises a transparent insulating substrate, a gate electrode formed over the transparent insulating substrate, a gate insulating layer formed over the gate electrode in such a way that the gate electrode is overlaid with the gate insulating layer, a semiconductor layer having a source region, a drain region, and a channel region, the source region having an ohmic contact portion at least on the front surface thereof, the drain region having an ohmic contact portion at least on the front surface thereof, the ohmic contact portion being doped with impurities, the channel region being formed between the source region and the drain region, a source electrode made of a transparent electrical conductive film, the source electrode being disposed on the front surface of the source region, the source electrode being ohmic contacted to the front surface of the source region, and a drain electrode made of a transparent electrical conductive film, the drain electrode being dis

Abstract: A TFT includes a channel region provided on a substrate and having on the both sides a pair of source region and a drain region formed of an amorphous semiconductor layer, a gate electrode provided above or below the channel region through a gate insulating layer, and wiring electrodes which contact the source region and the drain region directly or indirectly, and wherein a surface portion of the source region and drain region contacting the wiring electrodes directly or indirectly comprises a semiconductor layer containing crystalline structure. By this structure, a thin film transistor can be obtained capable of operating at high speed with high drive capability.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display device having an array substrate for allowing parasitic capacitances formed between a pixel electrode and scan and signal lines disposed in the vicinity thereof to be remarkably decreased.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display device having a plurality of scan lines, a plurality of signal lines intersected with the plurality of scan lines, the plurality of scan lines being insulated from the plurality of signal lines, a thin film transistor element having a gate portion and a drain portion and disposed at each intersection of the plurality of scan lines and the plurality of signal lines, the gate portion being connected to a scan line at the intersection, the drain portion being connected to a signal line at the intersection, an array substrate formed in the intersection and having a pixel electrode, the pixel electrode being electrically connected to the source portion of the thin film transistor element, an opposite substrate having an opposite electrode opposed to the array substrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the array substrate and the opposite substrate, and a shield electrode disposed on the array substrate, the shield electrode being overlaid through an insulation l