Abstract: A control device reads power consumption, information on the delivery number and weight of a first product set, and information on the delivery number and weight of a second product set from a storage device. The control device proportionally divides the power consumption. The control device reads a first conversion formula from the storage device, and calculates CO2 emissions from transportation of the first product set from an A station to a B station and CO2 emissions from transportation of the second product set from the A station to the B station by substituting the power consumptions, into the first conversion formula.

Abstract: A management device includes a communication device and a control device. The communication device is configured to communicate with a moving object configured to transport a product from an upstream company to a downstream company. The control device is configured to calculate CO2 emissions emitted by transportation of the product based on an amount of energy consumed by the moving object from a transportation start time point to a transportation completion time point of the product.

Abstract: A management method for managing a CO2 emission amount to be emitted by producing a product, includes: reading out a first CO2 emission amount that is a CO2 emission amount per unit weight of a first raw material and a second CO2 emission amount that is a CO2 emission amount per unit weight of a second raw material; and calculating the CO2 emission amount of the product based on a CO2 emission amount to be calculated from the first CO2 emission amount and from a weight of the first raw material used to produce the product, and a CO2 emission amount to be calculated from the second CO2 emission amount and from a weight of the second raw material used to produce the product.

Abstract: A management method for management of a CO2 emission amount emitted by production of a product in a production line where a first product and a second product are produced includes acquiring a power consumption amount consumed in the production line for a predetermined period, and calculating a CO2 emission amount for each product by allocating the power consumption amount based on a ratio of a total work time required to produce the first product in the production line during the predetermined period and a total work time required to produce the second product in the production line during the predetermined period.

Abstract: An exhaust passage including a protrusion which is less likely to receive heat from a gas and hence has high heat-resistance reliability is provided. An exhaust passage includes an exhaust pipe, and a protrusion continuously formed over a range of a part of an inner surface of the exhaust pipe in a circumferential direction thereof, the protrusion being inclined toward a direction in which the exhaust pipe extends, and being configured in such a manner that a cross-sectional area of the exhaust pipe becomes smaller toward a downstream side thereof, in which the exhaust passage further includes a convex part on an inner surface of the protrusion.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a pipe includes: press-forming a plate member into a U shape; and press-forming the plate member formed into the U shape into an O shape. The pipe includes a pipe body and a tapered part tilted radially inward and protruding from one end of the pipe body. Before the plate member is press-formed into the U shape, a boundary between a portion of the plate member corresponding to the pipe body and a portion of the plate member corresponding to the tapered part is pressed from a surface of the plate member corresponding to an inner peripheral surface of the pipe to bend the portion of the plate member corresponding to the tapered part toward the surface of the plate member corresponding to the inner peripheral surface of the pipe.

Abstract: An exhaust passage including a protrusion which is less likely to receive heat from a gas and hence has high heat-resistance reliability is provided. An exhaust passage includes an exhaust pipe, and a protrusion continuously formed over a range of a part of an inner surface of the exhaust pipe in a circumferential direction thereof, the protrusion being inclined toward a direction in which the exhaust pipe extends, and being configured in such a manner that a cross-sectional area of the exhaust pipe becomes smaller toward a downstream side thereof, in which the exhaust passage further includes a convex part on an inner surface of the protrusion.

Abstract: A cylinder head includes an exhaust port through which exhaust gas discharged out of a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine passes. The cylinder head includes a first fin and a second fin projecting from an inner wall of the exhaust port and extending in a flow direction of the exhaust gas. The cylinder head includes a first projection projecting from the inner wall of the exhaust port and extending in a direction intersecting the first fin. The cylinder head also includes a second projection projecting from the inner wall of the exhaust port and extending in a direction intersecting the second fin.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a pipe includes: press-forming a plate member into a U shape; and press-forming the plate member formed into the U shape into an O shape. The pipe includes a pipe body and a tapered part tilted radially inward and protruding from one end of the pipe body. Before the plate member is press-formed into the U shape, a boundary between a portion of the plate member corresponding to the pipe body and a portion of the plate member corresponding to the tapered part is pressed from a surface of the plate member corresponding to an inner peripheral surface of the pipe to bend the portion of the plate member corresponding to the tapered part toward the surface of the plate member corresponding to the inner peripheral surface of the pipe.

Abstract: A cylinder head includes an exhaust port through which exhaust gas discharged out of a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine passes. The cylinder head includes a first fin and a second fin projecting from an inner wall of the exhaust port and extending in a flow direction of the exhaust gas. The cylinder head includes a first projection projecting from the inner wall of the exhaust port and extending in a direction intersecting the first fin. The cylinder head also includes a second projection projecting from the inner wall of the exhaust port and extending in a direction intersecting the second fin.

Abstract: An object is to provide the structure of an ECU enabling resin to be filled without deformation of an electronic circuit board. A resin-sealed vehicle-mounted control device includes: a circuit board; a base member housing the circuit board; and resin filled between the circuit board and the base member. The base member has: a base portion fixing the circuit board; and a side wall opposed to the side surface side of the circuit board. The resin is provided at least between the circuit board and the base portion. The side wall has an opening at any position on the side of the base portion from a position opposed to the side surface side of the electronic circuit board.

Abstract: The invention provides an in-vehicle controller equipped with a heat radiation coating film which can efficiently radiate heat from a high temperature portion such as a heat generating body to a casing. An in-vehicle controller includes a heat radiation coating film, wherein the heat radiation coating film includes a first region that has a first boundary surface abutting on a base material, and a second region that has a second boundary surface where the heat radiation coating film abuts on air, wherein a thermal conductivity of the first region is higher than that of the second region, and wherein a thermal emissivity of the second region is higher than that of the first region.

Abstract: A cylinder head in an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder head main body in which a plurality of combustion chambers is arranged and a pipe member that extends along a direction in which the combustion chambers are arranged, through which a refrigerant flows, and which is embedded in the cylinder head main body. The pipe member is provided with a curved portion that is curved and the curved portion is provided with a throttle region in which a sectional area is partially reduced.

Abstract: An object is to provide the structure of an ECU enabling resin to be filled without deformation of an electronic circuit board. A resin-sealed vehicle-mounted control device includes: a circuit board; a base member housing the circuit board; and resin filled between the circuit board and the base member. The base member has: a base portion fixing the circuit board; and a side wall opposed to the side surface side of the circuit board. The resin is provided at least between the circuit board and the base portion. The side wall has an opening at any position on the side of the base portion from a position opposed to the side surface side of the electronic circuit board.

Abstract: The cooling structure for internal combustion engine includes: a cylinder head including a fixing part for fuel injection valve of a cylinder-direct-injection type; a cylinder block; and a water jacket spacer. A surface on a cylinder block side of the cylinder head is recessed so as to be sectioned into a recessed coolant passage communicating with a block-side water jacket formed in the cylinder block. The recessed coolant passage surrounds periphery of the fixing part for the fuel injection valve. An edge on a cylinder head side of the water jacket spacer that is disposed in the block-side water jacket is provided with projection projecting toward the recessed coolant passage so as to direct at least part of the coolant flowing inside the block-side water jacket toward the recessed coolant passage.

Abstract: A cylinder head in an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder head main body in which a plurality of combustion chambers is arranged and a pipe member that extends along a direction in which the combustion chambers are arranged, through which a refrigerant flows, and which is embedded in the cylinder head main body. The pipe member is provided with a curved portion that is curved and the curved portion is provided with a throttle region in which a sectional area is partially reduced.

Abstract: In a fuel injection valve having a nozzle hole plate wherein a nozzle hole is formed, the nozzle hole is formed with a flow path cross-section having an oval shape that has long axes and short axes, and the nozzle hole is formed having a tapered shape in which a flow path sectional area becomes larger from an entry-side open end portion toward an exit-side open end portion. The nozzle hole is formed such that a second angle that is an intersecting angle of opposing nozzle hole inner wall surface portions in an oblique section along the short axes of the entry-side open end portion and the exit-side open end portion, is greater than a first angle that is an intersecting angle of opposing nozzle hole inner wall surface portions in a longitudinal section along the long axes of the entry-side open end portion and the exit-side open end portion.

Abstract: A controller for an internal combustion engine includes a combustion pressure sensor and a temperature calculator. The combustion pressure sensor has a pressure receiver, a semiconductor device, and a detection circuit. The pressure receiver is arranged in a combustion chamber. The internal pressure applied to the pressure receiver is transmitted to the semiconductor device, and the resistance value of the semiconductor device is changed in accordance with own temperature and own deformation caused by the internal pressure. The detection circuit outputs power in accordance with the pressure applied to the pressure receiver and the temperature of the semiconductor device. The temperature calculator calculates a temperature of the combustion chamber based on an output of the detection circuit at the time when a combustion pressure is not acting on the pressure receiver.

Abstract: The invention provides an in-vehicle controller equipped with a heat radiation coating film which can efficiently radiate heat from a high temperature portion such as a heat generating body to a casing. An in-vehicle controller includes a heat radiation coating film, wherein the heat radiation coating film includes a first region that has a first boundary surface abutting on a base material, and a second region that has a second boundary surface where the heat radiation coating film abuts on air, wherein a thermal conductivity of the first region is higher than that of the second region, and wherein a thermal emissivity of the second region is higher than that of the first region.

Abstract: It has been difficult to manufacturing a cylinder head having an EGR gas cooling structure which has high cooling performance and can be easily configured. A cylinder head having an EGR gas cooling structure is configured in such a manner that a gas passage which guides to the air intake port side a part of the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust port is disposed within the cylinder head water jacket to cool the exhaust gas flowing through the gas passage. The gas passage comprises a cooling section which makes contact with the coolant within the cylinder head water jacket, and also comprises a hollow pipe which has high-strength sections located at side portions of the cooling section and having higher strength than the cooling section. The high-strength sections of the gas passage are molded within and surrounded by the cylinder head.