Abstract: A protection element, connected onto an electric current path of an electric circuit, is provided with an insulating substrate, a heating resistor formed on one surface of the insulating substrate with a first insulating layer interposed therebetween, a low-melting-point metal body disposed above the heating resistor with a second insulating layer interposed therebetween and that constitutes part of the electric current path, and connection portions connected to both ends of the low-melting-point metal body and that electrically connect the electric current path and the low-melting-point metal body. The connection portions are formed on the surface of the insulating substrate with a first glass layer interposed therebetween.

Abstract: A protective circuit capable of coping with broad voltage variations of a battery unit to interrupt its charging/discharging current path as damages to the heating unit are prevented from occurrence is disclosed. The protective circuit includes fuses, connected to a charging/discharging current path in series between a battery unit and a charging/discharging control circuit, and a heating unit composed by a series connection of resistors. One of two ends of the resistor which is not connected to the peer resistor is connected to a current path of the fuses. The ends of the resistors not connected to the fuses, are provided with a plurality of terminals selected for connection to a current control element that controls the current flowing through the heating unit, as a range of voltage variations of the battery unit is taken into account.

Abstract: Heat from a heating resistor is efficiently transmitted to a low-melting-point metal body through a heat transfer path. A protection element, connected onto an electric current path of an electric circuit, is provided with an insulating substrate (60), a heating resistor (64) which is formed on one surface of the insulating substrate (60) with a first insulating layer (62) interposed therebetween, a low-melting-point metal body (67) which is disposed above the heating resistor (64) with a second insulating layer (65) interposed therebetween and constitutes part of the electric current path, and connection portions (611, 612) which are connected to both ends of the low-melting-point metal body (67) and electrically connect the electric current path and the low-melting-point metal body (67), and the connection portions (611, 612) are formed on the surface of the insulating substrate (60) with a first glass layer (70) interposed therebetween.

Abstract: A protective circuit capable of coping with broad voltage variations of a battery unit to interrupt its charging/discharging current path as damages to the heating unit are prevented from occurrence is disclosed. The protective circuit includes fuses, connected to a charging/discharging current path in series between a battery unit and a charging/discharging control circuit, and a heating unit composed by a series connection of resistors. One of two ends of the resistor which is not connected to the peer resistor is connected to a current path of the fuses. The ends of the resistors not connected to the fuses, are provided with a plurality of terminals selected for connection to a current control element that controls the current flowing through the heating unit, as a range of voltage variations of the battery unit is taken into account.

Abstract: A recording/reproducing apparatus includes a laser for generating laser light to be used for recording/reproducing information onto/from a recording medium, a beam splitter for separating a luminous flux for a monitor, a photodetector for receiving the luminous flux, a power control circuit for keeping an average output of the laser at a predetermined value, a high-frequency adding circuit for applying high-frequency modulation to the laser, and a controller for altering the degree of modulation of the high-frequency modulation. When the average output of the laser is kept constant by the power control circuit, the degree of modulation conducted by the high-frequency adding circuit is altered, the light emitting power (bottom power) subjected to no high-frequency modulation being thus controlled.

Abstract: An optical disk recording control apparatus includes a judgment circuit for judging a modulation system of user information in accordance with identification information possessed by the optical disk and outputting a control signal concerning the modulation system, a test write pattern generating circuit for generating a test write pattern constituted by the densest and sparsest patterns correspondingly to the code configuration of the identified modulation system, a test write pulse recording circuit for generating a test write pulse string from the test write pattern and recording the test write pulse string in a predetermined zone of the optical disk, an optimum recording power calculation circuit for obtaining optimum recording power for the predetermined zone on the basis of a densest pattern waveform and a sparsest pattern waveform so that the zero level of the densest pattern waveform coincides with the zero level of the sparsest pattern waveform in the test write pulse string recorded in the predeterm

Abstract: In an electronic mail associated type computer system network equipped with a computer system for executing a job and a general-purpose electronic mail system, a user of an electronic mail can freely recognize a condition of an execution result of a job performed in the computer system and a job execution result. Also, these results are available from a desired output device for the user. When a mail processing unit employed in the computer system analyzes a mail statement about the job execution derived from the electronic mail system, and the job execution is completed, this mail processing unit sends to the electronic mail system, such a mail statement for the completion of the job execution containing information about fail/safe execution result. Upon receipt of this report, the user designates the output device into a response mail so as to output the job execution result from the designated output device.

Abstract: In an arrangement of a mail terminal 1, an electronic mail system 2, a job control terminal 4, and a computer system 3, a user makes a proposal of a file operation via a mail by way of the mail terminal 1. The electronic mail system 2 stores therein the proposal mail, exchanges this proposal mail with the job control terminal 4, and furthermore distributes a file operation result to the respective mail terminals. The job control terminal 4 receives a mail from the electronic mail system 2, and interprets the proposal mail, thereby executing a conversion from a mail ID into a host ID, a judgement of an access authorization with respect to the designated file, and a production of an instruction to the computer process system 3. Furthermore, an execution host computer is selected by monitoring operation conditions of the host computers.

Abstract: An automatic operation control system for controlling the automatic operation of a computer system, stores in a storage unit the status informations of hardware configuration and software configuration of a computer system, a running event of the operating system and application programs, and an operation event of the computer system, and supplies a procedure for an operation command to be executed in accordance with the configuration information and the occurred event.

Abstract: A job control terminal creates a unit configuration table indicating the configuration of units connected to each of a plurality of processors in a multi-processor system. The job control terminal also creates an operating state table indicating an operating state of each processor including a CPU using ratio, I/O using ratio, memory using ratio, response time, and so on. When the job control terminal receives electronic mail for requesting job execution from a user through an electronic mail terminal, the job control terminal selects a processor assigned to execute the requested job based on the unit configuration table and the operating state table. When it is determined from the states of the processors that the requested job cannot be executed, information indicating that the job is unacceptable is transmitted from the job control terminal to the electronic mail terminal.