Abstract: A caulking method includes: determining a caulking depth which becomes equal to or larger than a necessary release torque that has been set in advance, determining a stroke amount of a push-in part which becomes equal to or larger than the caulking depth that has been determined; determining the stroke amount of a drive unit which becomes equal to or larger than the stroke amount of the push-in part that has been determined, and controlling the drive unit at a target control stroke amount that is equal to or larger than the stroke amount of the drive unit that has been determined but is smaller than the stroke amount of the drive unit at which the caulk part is damaged.

Abstract: A caulking method includes: determining a caulking depth which becomes equal to or larger than a necessary release torque that has been set in advance, determining a stroke amount of a push-in part which becomes equal to or larger than the caulking depth that has been determined; determining the stroke amount of a drive unit which becomes equal to or larger than the stroke amount of the push-in part that has been determined, and controlling the drive unit at a target control stroke amount that is equal to or larger than the stroke amount of the drive unit that has been determined but is smaller than the stroke amount of the drive unit at which the caulk part is damaged.

Abstract: A combustion system capable of decreasing nitrogen oxide discharged from exhaust gas is provided. The combustion system includes: a combustion furnace (2) having a burner unit (2a) for supplying fuel and combustion oxygen to the inside of the furnace, a reduction zone formed on a downstream side of the burner unit (2a) for combusting the fuel, and a combustion oxygen supply port (2b) for supplying combustion oxygen (21) so that unburned fuel which has passed the reduction zone completely combusts; and a smoke removal device (9) for removing smoke in the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion furnace (2). Part of exhaust gas (22) diverging from between the combustion furnace (2) and the smoke removal device (9) is introduced to the burner unit (2a), while part of exhaust gas (23) diverging from a downstream side of the smoke removal device (9) is introduced to the combustion oxygen supply port (2b).

Abstract: A variable compression ratio apparatus is provided for use in an internal combustion engine. The apparatus has an eccentric sleeve rotatably arranged in one of pivot portions at opposite ends of a connecting rod so as to make a bearing hole of the connecting rod and a pin, which extends through the bearing hole, eccentric relative to each other. The apparatus also has an eccentric sleeve lock device capable of fixing rotation of the eccentric sleeve at a desired position. The lock device includes a pin member engageable with one of engagement portions formed in the eccentric sleeve and a piston-type fluid pressure drive system. The drive system is adapted to produce a pressure difference between fluid pressure chambers formed at opposite sides of a piston portion, which is connected to the pin member, in a state that the fluid pressure chambers are applied with a prescribed fluid pressure, whereby the piston portion is moved to drive the pin member.

Abstract: An engine cooling device comprises an oil jacket surrounding a cylinder portion of an engine, an oil gallery supplying high-pressure oil to various parts of the engine, and an oil pressure regulator disposed between the oil jacket and the oil gallery to reduce the pressure of the high-pressure oil supplied from the oil gallery and to supply the oil at a reduced pressure to the oil jacket. Thus, the required mechanical strength of the oil jacket can be decreased to decrease the weight of the engine cylinder block.