Abstract: A variable valve system includes a transmission mechanism T which transmits a valve actuating force to an inlet valve 11 and which varies a maximum lift amount of the inlet valve 11 and biasing members 60. A sub-cam 40 oscillatably supported on a holder 30 driven by a control member 70 has a roller 43 contacting the inlet cam 15a, a drive cam portion 46 outputting the valve actuating force, and acting portions A contacting the biasing members 60. The acting portions A are provided in the vicinity of the roller 43 so that biased contact points 45a1, 45b1 are positioned nearer to a cam contact point 43a than an oscillation center line Ls and that an acting line L1 of a biasing force is superposed on the roller 43 as viewed in the direction of the oscillation center line Ls.

Abstract: A lift-variable valve-operating system for an engine, includes a subsidiary cam swingably carried on a movable support shaft. A cam follower is operatively connected to an engine valve and follows the subsidiary cam. The lift amount of the engine valve is varied by displacing the movable support shaft. The subsidiary cam has an oil sump provided in an upper surface and opens upwards to store oil. The subsidiary cam is provided with an abutment face abutting against the cam follower. The abutment face includes a lift portion for turnably driving the cam follower; and a base circle portion connected to the lift portion and which retains the cam follower in a rest state. The subsidiary cam is also provided with a lubricating oil bore for guiding the oil in the oil sump to the base circle portion.

Abstract: A valve train includes a primary rocker arm 50 which is oscillated about a primary oscillating center line L4 by an inlet cam 21, a secondary rocker arm 60 which transmits a valve drive force F1 to an inlet valve 14 and oscillates about a secondary oscillating center line L5, and a holder 30 which supports the primary and secondary rocker arms 50, 60 in such a manner that the primary and secondary oscillating center lines L4, L5 rotate together therewith. As the holder 30 approaches an oscillating position where a valve operating property is obtained where a maximum lift amount becomes maximum, an abutment position P1 where a cam lobe portion 21b abuts with a roller 53 of the primary rocker arm 50 approaches a specific straight line L10 which passes through a holder oscillating center line L3 and a rotational center line L2 of the inlet cam 21.

Abstract: A lift-variable valve-operating system for an internal combustion engine, comprising: subsidiary cams which are swingably supported on a movable support shaft capable of being displaced within a plane perpendicular to a rotational axis of a valve-operating cam, and which are swung following the valve-operating cam; and rocker arms each operatively connected to an engine valve and operated following the subsidiary cams, operating characteristics including a lift amount of the engine valve being changed by displacing the movable support shaft, wherein the system further includes a control arm carried in an engine body to be capable of turning about a turning axis parallel to a rotational axis of the valve-operating cam, wherein the movable support shaft having an axis parallel to the turning axis of the control arm is retained on the control arm at a location offset from the turning axis, wherein a hydraulic tappet is mounted in the control arm to support one end of each of the rocker arms, and wherein a valve

Abstract: A lift-variable valve-operating system for an internal combustion engine, comprising: subsidiary cams which are swingably supported on a movable support shaft capable of being displaced within a plane perpendicular to a rotational axis of a valve-operating cam, and which are swung following the valve-operating cam; and rocker arms each operatively connected to an engine valve and operated following the subsidiary cams, operating characteristics including a lift amount of the engine valve being changed by displacing the movable support shaft, wherein the system further includes a control arm carried in an engine body to be capable of turning about a turning axis parallel to a rotational axis of the valve-operating cam, wherein the movable support shaft having an axis parallel to the turning axis of the control arm is retained on the control arm at a location offset from the turning axis, wherein a hydraulic tappet is mounted in the control arm to support one end of each of the rocker arms, and wherein a valve

Abstract: A lift-variable valve-operating system for an engine, includes a subsidiary cam swingably carried on a movable support shaft. A cam follower is operatively connected to an engine valve and follows the subsidiary cam. The lift amount of the engine valve is varied by displacing the movable support shaft. The subsidiary cam has an oil sump provided in an upper surface and opens upwards to store oil. The subsidiary cam is provided with an abutment face abutting against the cam follower. The abutment face includes a lift portion for turnably driving the cam follower; and a base circle portion connected to the lift portion and which retains the cam follower in a rest state. The subsidiary cam is also provided with a lubricating oil bore for guiding the oil in the oil sump to the base circle portion.

Abstract: A valve train includes a primary rocker arm 50 oscillating about a primary oscillating center line L4 in response to the rotation of an inlet cam 21, a secondary rocker arm 60 oscillating about a secondary oscillating center line L5 so as to transmit a valve drive force via the primary rocker arm 50 to the inlet valve 14 and a holder 30 which supports the primary and secondary rocker arms 50, 60 in an oscillatory fashion in such a manner that the primary and secondary oscillating center lines L4, L5 oscillate together. A cam profile 55 has a lost motion profile 55a a drive profile 55b are formed on an abutment portion 54 of the primary rocker arm 50. A sectional shape of the lost motion profile 55a is an arc-like shape which is formed about the primary oscillating center line L4.

Abstract: A valve train includes a primary rocker arm 50 which is oscillated about a primary oscillating center line L4 by an inlet cam 21, a secondary rocker arm 60 which transmits a valve drive force F1 to an inlet valve 14 and oscillates about a secondary oscillating center line L5, and a holder 30 which supports the primary and secondary rocker arms 50, 60 in such a manner that the primary and secondary oscillating center lines L4, L5 rotate together therewith. As the holder 30 approaches an oscillating position where a valve operating property is obtained where a maximum lift amount becomes maximum, an abutment position P1 where a cam lobe portion 21b abuts with a roller 53 of the primary rocker arm 50 approaches a specific straight line L10 which passes through a holder oscillating center line L3 and a rotational center line L2 of the inlet cam 21.

Abstract: A lift-variable valve-operating system for an internal combustion engine, comprising: subsidiary cams which are swingably supported on a movable support shaft capable of being displaced within a plane perpendicular to a rotational axis of a valve-operating cam, and which are swung following the valve-operating cam; and rocker arms each operatively connected to an engine valve and operated following the subsidiary cams, operating characteristics including a lift amount of the engine valve being changed by displacing the movable support shaft, wherein the system further includes a control arm carried in an engine body to be capable of turning about a turning axis parallel to a rotational axis of the valve-operating cam, wherein the movable support shaft having an axis parallel to the turning axis of the control arm is retained on the control arm at a location offset from the turning axis, wherein a hydraulic tappet is mounted in the control arm to support one end of each of the rocker arms, and wherein a valve

Abstract: A lift-variable valve-operating system for an engine, includes a subsidiary cam swingably carried on a movable support shaft. A cam follower is operatively connected to an engine valve and follows the subsidiary cam. The lift amount of the engine valve is varied by displacing the movable support shaft. The subsidiary cam has an oil sump provided in an upper surface and opens upwards to store oil. The subsidiary cam is provided with an abutment face abutting against the cam follower. The abutment face includes a lift portion for turnably driving the cam follower; and a base circle portion connected to the lift portion and which retains the cam follower in a rest state. The subsidiary cam is also provided with a lubricating oil bore for guiding the oil in the oil sump to the base circle portion.

Abstract: A valve train including a cylinder having a cylinder axis and a cylinder head, the valve train has a first operating mechanism including a cam follower driven by a first valve train cam provided on a cam shaft so as to open and close the first engine valve and a drive mechanism having a drive shaft for moving a supporting position of the cam follower to thereby change a valve operation characteristic of the first engine valve, and a second operating mechanism including a second cam follower driven by a second valve train cam so as to open and close the second engine valve, wherein the drive shaft of the drive mechanism is arranged at a position lower than the cam shaft and between the first and the second engine valve in a reference direction.

Abstract: The valve train V of an internal combustion engine E includes; a rocker arm 50, 60 for opening and closing the suction valve 13; a holding body 70 for holding the spring 77 to generate the bias force F3 for biasing the rocker arm 50 to the suction cam 21; and a drive shaft 81 for moving the supporting shaft 32, 33 of the rocker arm 50, 60 via the holder 30. The rocker arm 50 includes: an acting section 54 on which the bias force F3 of the spring 77 directly acts; a cam contact section 52 coming into contact with the suction cam 21. The holding body 70 provided integrally with the holder 30 moves following a position of the supporting shaft 32 which moves together with the holder 30. The spring 77 is arranged between the holding body 70 and the acting section 54, which are opposed to each other in the direction of the line of action of the bias force F3 and along the plane perpendicular to the rotary centerline L2 of the cam shaft 20.

Abstract: The valve train V of an internal combustion engine E includes; a rocker arm 50, 60 for opening and closing the suction valve 13; a holding body 70 for holding the spring 77 to generate the bias force F3 for biasing the rocker arm 50 to the suction cam 21; and a drive shaft 81 for moving the supporting shaft 32, 33 of the rocker arm 50, 60 via the holder 30. The rocker arm 50 includes: an acting section 54 on which the bias force F3 of the spring 77 directly acts; a cam contact section 52 coming into contact with the suction cam 21. The holding body 70 provided integrally with the holder 30 moves following a position of the supporting shaft 32 which moves together with the holder 30. The spring 77 is arranged between the holding body 70 and the acting section 54, which are opposed to each other in the direction of the line of action of the bias force F3 and along the plane perpendicular to the rotary centerline L2 of the cam shaft 20.

Abstract: A valve train including a cylinder having a cylinder axis and a cylinder head, the valve train has a first operating mechanism including a cam follower driven by a first valve train cam provided on a cam shaft so as to open and close the first engine valve and a drive mechanism having a drive shaft for moving a supporting position of the cam follower to thereby change a valve operation characteristic of the first engine valve, and a second operating mechanism including a second cam follower driven by a second valve train cam so as to open and close the second engine valve, wherein the drive shaft of the drive mechanism is arranged at a position lower than the cam shaft and between the first and the second engine valve in a reference direction.

Abstract: An electrical connector has lead lines each having a core line and a cover layer each electrically connecting a connection terminal with a clamped part and a compression terminal both affixed to a main body. One end part of each lead line is affixed to the clamped part of a corresponding connecting terminal and the other end parts of the lead lines are pressed together simultaneously into corresponding ones of the compression terminals while the lead lines are supported by guide members having indentations such that the load on the clamped parts can be reduced as lead lines are forced into slits formed in the compression terminals and their cover layers are removed such that the core lines and the compression terminals come to contact each other.

Abstract: An electrical connector has lead lines each having a core line and a cover layer each electrically connecting a connection terminal with a clamped part and a compression terminal both affixed to a main body. One end part of each lead line is affixed to the clamped part of a corresponding connecting terminal and the other end parts of the lead lines are pressed together simultaneously into corresponding ones of the compression terminals while the lead lines are supported by guide members having indentations such that the load on the clamped parts can be reduced as lead lines are forced into slits formed in the compression terminals and their cover layers are removed such that the core lines and the compression terminals come to contact each other.

Abstract: In an engine block structure in a multi-cylinder engine in which a piston is incorporated from the side of a crank chamber into each of a plurality of cylinders disposed in series in a cylinder block, cylinder axes of the two adjacent cylinders are disposed to extend in such directions that they are gradually spaced apart from each other as proceeding from the side of a valve operating chamber toward the crank chamber as viewed from a direction of arrangement of the cylinders. Thus, a sufficient crankshaft bearing area can be ensured without bringing an increase in number of parts and an increase in size of the engine block.

Abstract: A detected projection is integrally provided on one side of a rotor produced by pressing a plate material. A portion of a rotor is allowed to bulge from one side of the rotor by pressing. At least one end of the projection in a circumferential direction of the rotor is comprised of a shear end face steeply rising from the side of the rotor by a shearing effect during pressing. The shear end face is formed as a sensing end face for an electromagnetic pick-up. The detected projection generates a rotation detecting pulse in an electromagnetic pick-up disposed in proximity to the rotor. The accuracy in size of the projection is enhanced and moreover, when the projection is detected by the electromagnetic pick-up, a pulse wave form is generated clearly and sharply, thereby enhancing the sensing accuracy.

Abstract: An inexpensive electromagnetic relay with a simple configuration is provided which does not require a sliding core to attain the desired operating characteristics. The electromagnetic relay includes a movable component which is supported on an upper end of a coil block in a way that the movable component can freely rotate. The movable component further comprises a movable contact element and a movable iron member. The movable contact element and the movable iron member are isolated from each other by a retainer. The movable contact element, movable iron member and retainer all form a single piece. The retainer further comprises a first retainer portion for retaining the movable contact element, and a second retainer portion for retaining the movable iron member. The first and second retainer portions are also formed into a single piece.

Abstract: In an engine for a vehicle including a bearing cap integral type oil pan which has a plurality of bearing cap sections integrally provided thereon and which is integrally coupled to a cylinder block, connecting bolts are screwed into the bearing cap sections from the cylinder block to integrally couple the cylinder block and the oil pan to each other. An oil pan chamber, which is an as-cast bore made by drawing a die in an axial direction of a crankshaft, is defined to extend continuously in the axial direction of the crankshaft between the bearing cap sections and a bottom wall of the oil pan. Thus, the oil pan can be produced simply, at a low cost, by a casting process and moreover, it is possible to reduce the weight and size of the oil pan and increase the rigidity of the oil pan.