Abstract: There are provided trehalose transporter gene and a method of introducing trehalose into cells by using the gene. Candidates for the trehalose transporter genes were searched in P. vanderplanki EST, resulting in being obtained cDNA designated as Tret1. Tret1 encodes a 504 amino acid protein with 12 trans-membrane structures. Tret1 expression was induced by desiccation stress and predominant in the fat body. Functional expression of TRET1 in Xenopus oocytes showed that transport activity was specific for trehalose and independent of extracellular pH and electrochemical membrane potential. The direction of transport of TRET1 was reversible depending on the concentration gradient of trehalose. Apparent Km and Vmax of TRET1 for trehalose were extraordinarily high values. These results indicate that TRET1 is a facilitated, high-capacity trehalose-specific transporter. Tret1 is widespread in insects. Furthermore, TRET1 conferred trehalose permeability upon cells including those of vertebrates as well as insects.

Abstract: In a multi-stage fuel-injection internal combustion engine employing a fuel injection system and a variable valve actuation system, engine valve timings are variably controlled depending on engine operating conditions. An electronic engine control unit is configured to execute cooperative control of the timing of sub-injection, injected before main injection, responsively to intake valve closure timing, and also to execute cooperative control of the timing of sub-injection, injected after the-main injection, responsively to exhaust valve open timing.

Abstract: A variable valve timing control apparatus of an internal combustion engine has a drive rotary member rotated by an engine crankshaft, a driven rotary member fixedly connected to a camshaft and transferring a turning force from the drive rotary member to the camshaft, and a phase-change mechanism changing a relative rotational phase between the drive and driven rotary members and having an intermediate rotary member installed between the drive and driven rotary members for a relative rotational phase control. The variable valve timing control apparatus further has a holding mechanism and a releasing mechanism. The holding mechanism forces the intermediate rotary member and holds the relative rotational phase between the drive and driven rotary members, and the releasing mechanism releases a holding state of the holding mechanism.

Abstract: A variable valve timing control apparatus of an internal combustion engine includes a phase change mechanism configured to control engine valve timing by changing a relative angular phase between a timing sprocket and a camshaft by braking torque application via an electromagnetic brake. A flow control valve is arranged downstream of an oil supply passage that supplies cooling oil into an inside of the phase change mechanism. The flow control valve includes a valve element configured to control a flow rate of the oil supplied into the inside of the phase change mechanism, by changing an opening area of a valve bore communicating the oil supply passage by way of an advancing/retreating motion of the valve element in the valve bore, and a temperature-sensitive member configured to create the advancing/retreating motion of the valve element responsively to a temperature of the oil.

Abstract: A variable valve timing control apparatus of an internal combustion engine, has a drive rotary member rotated by an engine crankshaft; a driven rotary member fixed to a camshaft that has a cam opening/closing an engine valve, the driven rotary member driven by the drive rotary member; a phase-change mechanism provided between the drive and driven rotary members and changing a relative rotational phase between the drive and driven rotary members; and a locking mechanism. The locking mechanism links any two of the drive rotary member, the driven rotary member and the phase-change mechanism or releases the link in accordance with temperature of the phase-change mechanism.

Abstract: In a variably operated valve system for a compression ignition engine, an adjustment mechanism is controlled by means of a control section to detach an intake valve closure timing from a bottom dead center in accordance with an engine driving condition, and an engine start securing section guarantees an engine start even at least one of cases during a failure in the control section, during a stop of the engine, and during a start of the engine.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide polynucleotides encoding insect desiccation resistance proteins, and uses thereof. cDNA libraries were produced from Polypedilum vanderplanki larvae in a desiccated state, a P. vanderplanki EST database was constructed, and genes encoding LEA proteins were isolated. This resulted in the successful isolation of three types of novel gene encoding LEA-like proteins. When secondary structure predictions and motif searches were performed on the proteins deduced from each of the genes, all three proteins had ?-helix-rich structures and LEA_4 motifs, which are characteristic of LEA proteins. Moreover, the recombinant proteins synthesized from these genes were heat soluble even when boiling, so that these proteins have hydrophilic property as high as plant LEA proteins. Therefore, the three isolated genes were found to be novel P. vanderplanki-derived LEA genes.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for effectively producing dehydrated larvae for educational materials without disrupting the environment. The cryptobiotic larvae for educational materials can be obtained by dehydrating larvae while gradually reducing humidity in 3 separate stages.

Abstract: A nonvolatile semiconductor storing device according to the present invention comprises a block replacing means for replacing a defective block with a redundant block when a memory block in a memory array is the defective block. The block replacing means includes an address translation circuit 10 for converting an inputted external block address into an internal block address by inverting an address bit corresponding to dissident of each address bit between a defective block address of the defective block and a redundant block address among address bits of the inputted external block address, and each of the memory blocks 5 is selected based on the internal block address after the translation of the external block address inputted from outside by the address translation circuit 10.

Abstract: In a structure with a variable valve timing mechanism which varies an opening-and-closing timing of an intake valve and/or an exhaust valve due to a rotational phase of a camshaft with respect to a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine being varied, the rotational phase is detected in an arbitrary timing regardless of a rotational period of the camshaft, and the variable valve timing mechanism is controlled on the basis of the detected rotational phase.

Abstract: Firing is carried out such that for operation of a partial pressure of oxygen and temperature at the high-temperature holding operation phase and cooling operation phase, the following equilibrium relation equation (1) indicative of an equilibrium relation of a partial pressure of oxygen (PO2 in %) to a temperature (T in absolute temperature K) is used to set the values of a and b at given values of a=a* and b=b*, respectively, Log(PO2)=a?b/T ??Eq.

Abstract: A semiconductor storage device according to the present invention comprises one or more memory planes 8 comprising a plurality of memory blocks 9, and a block selection circuit for decoding an block address signal for selecting the memory block 9 from the memory plane 8 to select the memory block, generates a dummy block address for selecting a dummy block that is different from the selected block address and a defective block address of a defective block by a predetermined logical operation targeted for a specific partial bit in address bits of the selected block address when the defective block is contained in the memory plane. A bit line connected to the selected memory cell selected by the selected block address and a bit line in the dummy block are connected to differential input terminals of a sense amplifier circuit 9.

Abstract: A valve timing control device includes a drive pulley driven by a crankshaft of an engine, and a driven camshaft. The camshaft has a cam that serves to open and close an intake port. An engine valve is spring-loaded by a valve spring, whereas the cam opens or closes the engine valve against the bias of the spring. Torque is transmittable between the drive pulley and the camshaft, and a rotation angle adjusting mechanism is provided therebetween. The rotation angle adjusting mechanism has a movable operating member being movable in a substantially radial direction.

Abstract: A parallel guide portion as an integral structure of a sprocket and a vane, as well as a slant guide portion, are arranged alternately on the same circumference, with circumferential gaps being formed between said guide portion and the parallel guide portion, said guide portion having a shape such that the circumferential gaps become smaller in one axial direction of a cam shaft. Wedge members are disposed in the circumferential gaps respectively and are moved in one axial direction to fill up the circumferential gaps, thereby fixing the phase between the sprocket and the vane into a locked state. The wedge angle of each wedge member is set sufficiently small and, by utilizing varying torques acting on the cam shaft, said members are each moved and locked in one axial direction with a spring. Said members are actuated in an opposite axial direction with oil pressure to release the locked state, thereby permitting a phase angle control.

Abstract: A valve timing control device includes a drive pulley driven by a crankshaft of an engine, and a driven camshaft. The camshaft has a cam that serves to open and close an intake port. An engine valve is spring-loaded by a valve spring, whereas the cam opens or closes the engine valve against the bias of the spring. Torque is transmittable between the drive pulley and the camshaft, and a rotation angle adjusting mechanism is provided therebetween. The rotation angle adjusting mechanism has a movable operating member being movable in a substantially radial direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polythiocarbonate polythiol including repeating units represented by the chemical formula (I): in which formula (I), R represents a divalent hydrocarbon group, which hydrocarbon group may have at least one substituent which does not take part in a reaction with the polyisocyante component and the carbon chain in the hydrocarbon group may include at least one member selected from hetero atoms and an —OCO— group, and the polythiocarbonate polythiol has a number average molecular weight of 200 to 2500.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polythiourethane having a high refractive index and low dispersion which is obtained through a reaction between a polythiol component containing one or more polythiocarbonate polythiol (preferably one having a —(CO—S—R—S)— structure (wherein R represents a divalent hydrocarbon group) and a number average molecular weight of 200-2,500) and a polyisocyanate component containing a polyisocyanate and/or a polyisothiocyanate. This polythiourethane is useful for plastic lenses, prisms, optical fibers, substrates for information recording, colored filters, infrared absorbing filters and the like.

Abstract: A variable valve timing control apparatus of an internal combustion engine, has a drive rotary member rotated by an engine crankshaft; a driven rotary member fixed to a camshaft that has a cam opening/closing an engine valve, the driven rotary member driven by the drive rotary member; a phase-change mechanism provided between the drive and driven rotary members and changing a relative rotational phase between the drive and driven rotary members; and a locking mechanism. The locking mechanism links any two of the drive rotary member, the driven rotary member and the phase-change mechanism or releases the link in accordance with temperature of the phase-change mechanism.

Abstract: A phase angle detection apparatus includes an intermediate rotary member changing an operating angle of a driven member that is driven by a driving member, a detection unit detecting a rotational angle of the intermediate rotary member, which corresponds to the operating angle of the driven member, and outputting the rotational angle as a detection pulse signal, a controller receiving the detection pulse signal and calculating a pulse rising time difference between the detection pulse signal and a pre-set reference pulse signal. The controller detects, based on the pulse rising time difference, a predetermined middle angle position of the driven member from all the operating angles of the driven member.

Abstract: A nonvolatile semiconductor storing device according to the present invention comprises a block replacing means for replacing a defective block with a redundant block when a memory block in a memory array is the defective block. The block replacing means includes an address translation circuit 10 for converting an inputted external block address into an internal block address by inverting an address bit corresponding to dissident of each address bit between a defective block address of the defective block and a redundant block address among address bits of the inputted external block address, and each of the memory blocks 5 is selected based on the internal block address after the translation of the external block address inputted from outside by the address translation circuit 10.