Abstract: The present invention relates to a color toner, to the surface of which a small amount of charge-giving agent is fixed. The amount of the charge-giving agent is usually 0.03% to 0.65% by weight of toner, and it becomes still smaller when the resin composing the toner is made from a monomer including a nitrogen containing polar functional group or fluorine containing polar functional group. This composition enables the toner to be charged stably in a narrow charge distribution, thereby decreasing the fog and flying of toner, and resulting in a distinct color image without any turbidity in color.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes: an electrostatic latent image holding member for holding an electrostatic latent image; an accommodating device for accommodating therein developer of residual polarization of 0.1-20 .mu.C/cm.sup.2 ; an electric field developing device arranged in the accomodating device, the developer being polarized by action of an electric field force developed by the electric field developing device; and a transporting device for transporting the polarized developer too the holding member to develop the electrostatic latent image on the holding member by the developoer. An unequal alternating electric field is able to be developed by the electric field developing device to apply the electric field curtain force on the developer. The electric field developing device comprises at least two electrodes electrically insulated from each other and an applying device for applying an alternating voltage on the two electrodes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a positively chargeable toner for developing electrostatic latent images comprising;a resin,a colorant, anda charge controlling agentwherein the charge controlling agent is a specified imidazole compound, and/or a homopolymer of a nitrogen-containing vinyl monomer or a copolymer thereof with styrene, and the resin may be a polyester resin or suspension polymerized polymer, which is unsuitable for positive chargeability in nature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a toner for developing electrostatic latent images comprising:a core particle comprising resin with 1,000-100,000 in number average molecular weight (Mn.sub.1),an intermediate layer coating the core particle and comprising resin with 5,000-300,000 in number average molecular weight (Mn.sub.2) and,an outermost surface layer coating the intermediate layer and comprising resin with 10,000-1,000,000 in number average molecular weight (Mn.sub.3);the number average molecular weights Mn.sub.1, Mn.sub.2 and Mn.sub.3 satisfies the relationship of;Mn.sub.1 <Mn.sub.2 <Mn.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to charging means which contacts with a toner to charge the toner and being installed in a developing machine for developing electrostatic latent images by a dry developer; the charging means comprises a specified imidazole compound selected from the group consisting of an imidazole metal complex, an imidazole metal compound and an imidazole derivative.

Abstract: According to the present invention, the incorporation of polymeric-magnetic coordination complex powder in a toner effects improvements of chargeability, dusting resistance and fixing properties, and the formation of clear color images.

Abstract: This invention relates to a two-components developer containing toners and carriers wherein the toners have spheroidicity of 150 or less, mean particle size of 14 .mu.m or less and coefficient of variation of 15% or less, and the carriers have mean particle size of between 20 .mu.m and 70 .mu.m and/or spheroidicity of 140 or more.

Abstract: A developing apparatus for use in an electrophotographic apparatus and like, which is adapted to supply a developing material without contact between a developing material support member and an image holding member by utilizing the action of an electric field curtain, wherein the developing material can be transported to the image holding member with requiring no necessities for a large voltage to be impressed thereto and for floating, so that it is prevented that the developing material is scattered during the transportation thereof or a formed image is subjected to fogging.

Abstract: In a method for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising the steps of;(a) supplying toner onto a toner transporting member which confronts an electrostatic latent image support member with the leectrostatic latent image thereon at an developing region, said toner being 12 .mu.m or less in mean particle size, 10% or less of toner with at least 16 .mu.m in particle size, and 20% or less in coefficient of variation;(b) forming a thin layer of said toner on the toner transporting member by pressing said toner; and(c) transferring said toner from said thin layer of said toner onto the electrostatic latent image formed on an electrostatic latent image support member for developing the electrostatic latent image.

Abstract: In an electrostatic latent image developing toner which comprises spherical core particles composed of at least a coloring agent and a thermoplastic resin and an outer shell layer containing at least a thermoplastic resin and applied in the form of a coating fast to the core particles, the outer shell layer applied in the form of a coating is formed by (a) thermally fixing minute particles of one thermoplastic resin and minute particles of another thermoplastic resin on the surface of the core particles thereby enabling part of the aforementioned other thermoplastic resin to retain the original particulate form thereof intact in the produced coating or (b) thermally fixing minute particles of a thermoplastic resin and minute particles of a thermosetting resin or minute particles of a resin possessing a gelling component in a specific amount on the surface of the core particles thereby enabling the minute particles of the resin to retain the original particulate form thereon intact in the produced coating and

Abstract: According to the present invention, the incorporation of polymeric-magnetic coordination complex powder in a photoconductive toner effects the production of toners excellent in dispersibility, heat stability, toner film formability and color reproducibility.

Abstract: The present invention provides a developer for developing electrostatic latent image which comprises capsule toners and carriers; said capsule toner having many wrinkles or hollows and upheavals and containing liquid in a shell, and the carriers have no sharp edge or a lower specific gravity, the image copied by the developer can be fixed by pressure under low temperature.

Abstract: The present invention provides a capsule toner having many wrinkles or hollows and upheavals and containing liquid in a shell, which is useful for toner for pressure fixation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carrier coated by a polymer particle layer containing fine magnetic particles around a magnetic core, which may contain an electrical charge controlling agent, and the core may be pre-treated with a coupling reagent; the carrier gives excellent clearness to the copy and durability at repeating use.