Abstract: The present invention provides a circuit substrate containing a conductive circuit on an insulating base, an electrode for connection to an IC and an electrode for connection to a mother board substrate, which eliminates the step of bonding the film-like insulating base and the conductive circuit to simplify the manufacturing process.

Abstract: In an antenna 1a for reader/writer of an interrogator in a non-contact data carrier system comprising the interrogator and a transponder, the antenna for reader/writer of the interrogator comprises a transmitting antenna 2 for transmitting a signal to the transponder and a receiving antenna 3 for receiving a signal from the transponder, and the receiving antenna 3 is a loop coil located at a position where magnetic fields of opposite polarities are induced in the receiving antenna 3 by magnetic coupling between the receiving antenna 3 and the transmitting antenna 2 and where the magnetic fields of opposite polarities cancel out each other. Preferably, the transmitting antenna 2 is comprised of at least two loop coils 2a, 2b for generating magnetic fields of opposite polarities to each other.

Abstract: A feeder for a microwave antenna system which can be integrated together with electronic circuitry on a common circuit board. A slot antenna, preferably shaped as an annular slot, is provided on the circuit board, and can be etched on the backside of the circuit board, which is normally a ground plate. The antenna system can be used for reception of DBS signals.

Abstract: In a non-contact IC card system which transmits and receives signals between an interrogator and a transponder, a transmitter-receiver used for the interrogator includes a carrier wave oscillator capable of sweeping an oscillation frequency, a resonant wave detector for detecting the resonant frequency of the transponder among carrier waves generated by the carrier wave oscillator, and a carrier frequency holder for maintaining the oscillation frequency of the carrier wave oscillator to the frequency detected by the resonant wave detector. The system is driven with a high transmission efficiency by bring the carrier wave frequency of the interrogator into agreement with the resonant frequency of the transponder, without lowering the Q value of the resonant circuit of the transponder and without any special adjustment for controlling the resonant frequency of the transponder to the desired frequency.

Abstract: A lens having a variable index of refraction and a point of symmetry is fabricated from a plurality of substantially identically shaped parts. Each of the parts is pyramidal in configuration and has a base and a plurality of sides extending from the base to an apex. Each of the parts has a coefficient of refraction which varies from the base to the apex.

Abstract: A battery-free non-contacting information card of a relatively simple arrangement which prevents an IC chip or the like from being destroyed by an excess voltage. This non-contacting information card includes a resonance circuit (3) for receiving a carrier signal (e.g., FSK signal) modulated on the basis of information supplied from a card reader/writer (2), an information processing systems (5), (6), (7) for obtaining information from the carrier signal and a rectifier systems (13) for obtaining a voltage by rectifying the carrier signal, wherein the non-contacting information card can be operated by the voltage obtained at the output side of the rectifier circuit (13). The resonance circuit (3) includes a variable capacitive element (3d).

Abstract: In a multiple loop antenna comprising a combination of a plurality of loop antennas, at least one factor among the diameter of each loop antenna, the number of turns thereof, the direction thereof, the effective permeability thereof, the relative values of electric currents of loop antennas and the phase difference of electric currents is controlled in such a way that the magnetic field intensity within the range extending from the multiple loop antenna to the distance of transmission wavelength of the multiple loop antenna decreases in inverse proportion to the n-th power (n>3) of the distance from the multiple loop antenna. This makes it possible to obtain a multiple loop antenna that has a high-intensity magnetic field within the predetermined communication zone but can steeply decrease the magnetic field intensity according to an increase in distance from the antenna and surely control the magnetic field intensity to be not greater than a stated value on the outside of the communication zone.

Abstract: In a non-contact IC card comprising a substrate and provided thereon at least an IC chip and an antenna coil formed by etching, a connecting terminal of the antenna coil and a connecting bump of the IC chip are interconnected in a face-down fashion via an anisotropic conductive adhesive layer, or interconnected by wire bonding.

Abstract: In a non-contact IC card system which transmits and receives signals between an interrogator and a transponder, a transmitter-receiver used for the interrogator comprises a distance detecting means for detecting the distance between the interrogator and the transponder, and an output control means for controlling the output level of the interrogator in accordance with the signals detected by the distance detecting means, so as to keep the receiving level of the transponder within the range of a given value. The receiving level in the transponder can be prevented from varying depending on the distance between the interrogator and the transponder, so that it becomes unnecessary to provide a protective circuit against an excessive increase of the receiving level. The optimum threshold voltage can also be prevented from varying.

Abstract: A short-distance communication antenna can satisfactorily transmit and receive an information signal within a regulation range of the radio law. Also, the short-distance communication antenna provided on a card reader/writer enables the card reader/writer to communicate with a non-contacting information card without being limited by the direction of the non-contacting information card upon reception. This short-distance communication antenna includes a plurality of magnetic poles disposed on a magnetic member and to and from which a magnetic flux is transmitted and received, and a coil for transmitting or transmitting and receiving the information signal mounted on at least one of the magnetic poles. Further, the short-distance communication antenna includes a housing having an aperture to and from which a magnetic flux is transmitted and received, and a coil for transmitting or transmitting and receiving the information signal mounted on said housing.

Abstract: A battery-free non-contacting information card of a relatively simple arrangement which prevents an IC chip or the like from being destroyed by an excess voltage. This non-contacting information card includes a resonance circuit (3) for receiving a carrier signal (e.g., FSK signal) modulated on the basis of information supplied from a card reader/writer (2), an information processing system (5), (6), (7) for obtaining information from the carrier signal and a rectifier system (13) for obtaining a voltage by rectifying the carrier signal, wherein the non-contacting information card can be operated by the voltage obtained at the output side of the rectifier circuit (13). The resonance circuit (3) includes a variable capacitive element (3d).

Abstract: An antenna system for receiving radiowaves includes a Lundeburg-type lens which reflects radiowaves to a focal point of the lens. A helical primary feed is located in the proximity of the focal point. Electronic circuitry for processing the radiowaves in a desired manner and the primary feed are supported in a hollow support structure in the proximity of the focal point.

Abstract: An antenna system capable of receiving electromagnetic radiation having either right or left helical polarization, and either vertical or horizontal linear polarization includes an energy concentrator which concentrates energy at a focal point. A helical antenna is arranged in the proximity of the focal point. A first switch switches the helical antenna to a backfire mode of operation and a second switch switches the helical antenna to an end fire mode of operation. A control mechanism controls the switches to select the nature of the polarization.

Abstract: The invention presents a method for the fabrication or production of three-dimensional lenses with a variable refractive index by wrapping a material with a given refractive index. It is preferred, that this material has the shape of a thread, which might be cylindrical. The preferred shape of the lens to be produced is spherical or semi-spherical, which can be achieved by an appropiate wrapping process or by cutting the spherical shape. By the inventive method it is possible to produce the said lenses with a smooth varying of the refractive index. It is preferred to use the produced lenses as part of a microwave antenna system.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for biaxially orienting a crystalline thermoplastic resin film and subsequently thermally processing the film with first and second heating devices, in which the temperatures of respective heaters for biaxially orienting the film are separately controlled, the first heating device being operated by a tubular method or a tenter method, and the second heating device being operated under a tenter method and above the temperature in the first heating device, whereby a melting and sticking of the film is prevented and the bowing ratio is decreased.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for producing biaxially oriented single-layered and multilayered films. The biaxially oriented single-layered film receives stresses in the range of 500 kg/cm.sup.2 to 1500 kg/cm.sup.2 each in the machine and transverse directions of the film. The multilayered film receives stresses in the range of 300 kg/cm.sup.2 to 1250 kg/cm.sup.2 each in the machine and transverse directions of the film. Thus, the molding stability in biaxial orientation of a nylon film is improved and the thickness accuracy of a resulting film is improved.

Abstract: The first invention provides a multi-layer film comprising (A) a low density polyethylene-based resin layer, (B) a polyolefin-based resin expanded layer and (C) a high density polyethylene-based resin layer.The second invention provides a package comprising (I) an article to be packaged, (II) the multi-layer film of the first invention, said multi-layer film being used in packaging the article in such a manner that the low density polyethylene-based resin layer is in contact with the article, and (III) a buffering material being used to fix the article.The multi-layer film of the first invention is excellent in buffering properties, tensile strength, tear strength, impact strength and stiffness, and further has good frictional charcteristics and good pearl-like appearance.With the package of the second invention, an article can be efficiently protected during its storage and transportation, and thus an easily scratchable article can be effectively protected.

Abstract: An apparatus having a pushing tray in a note storage compartment. The pushing tray moves downwardly to provide enough space to store notes smoothly. During a delivery operation, a gate lever compresses the stored notes to a predetermined pressure against the pushing tray, allowing the stored notes, even crumpled, to be delivered smoothly one after another.

Abstract: A money receiving and dispensing system is disclosed having a plurality of money cases for storing monies of several denominations, respectively, a stock money cartridge removably mounted in the system for collectively storing monies available in the system, a plurality of entering devices each for entering monies into the corresponding one of the money cases and stock money cartridge, a plurality of feeders for respectively feeding the monies stored in the money cases and stock money cartridge, a money receiver for receiving the money deposited into the system to store the received money in one of the money cases and stock money cartridge, and a money dispenser for dispensing the money fed by one of the feeding means.