Abstract: Provided is a resin film that has a stress integral value of greater than 10 MPa and 1000 MPa or less when uniaxially stretched at a tensile speed of 300 mm/min at 25° C. until it breaks. The resin film showing these properties is supple and durable.

Abstract: A large current electron beam is stably emitted from an electron gun of a charged particle beam device. The electron gun of the charged particle beam device includes: a SE tip 202; a suppressor 303 disposed rearward of a distal end of the SE tip; a cup-shaped extraction electrode 204 including a bottom surface and a cylindrical portion and enclosing the SE tip and the suppressor; and an insulator 208 holding the suppressor and the extraction electrode. A shield electrode 301 of a conductive metal having a cylindrical portion 302 is provided between the suppressor and the cylindrical portion of the extraction electrode. A voltage lower than a voltage of the SE tip is applied to the shield electrode.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor element, a substrate, a bonding member and a sealing body sealing the semiconductor element, the substrate and the bonding member. The substrate has front-face and back-face metal bodies on opposite faces of an insulating base member. The front-face metal body is electrically connected to a main electrode of the semiconductor element. The bonding member connects the front-face metal body and the main electrode. The front-face metal body includes a base material and a plating film disposed on faces of the base material. The plating film is disposed at an upper face and a side face of the front-face metal body. The front-face metal body includes a roughened portion at the upper face and the side face, and a non-roughened portion at an area of the upper face excluding the roughened portion and including an arrangement region of the bonding member.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system using an A2L refrigerant and a method of installing the HVAC system in a building. The HVAC system includes an indoor unit having a heat exchanger that uses an A2L refrigerant, a blower, an outdoor unit, an A2L control board, and one or more A2L sensors configured to detect an amount of A2L refrigerant. In one or more embodiments, the indoor unit is electrically coupled to the blower, the A2L control board, and the outdoor unit. Also, in one or more embodiments, the A2L control board is also electrically coupled to the blower and the one or more A2L sensors.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor element having main electrode on opposite faces in a plate thickness direction, a substrate, and a sealing body. The substrate has an insulating base member, a front-face metal body, and a back-face metal body having an exposed face exposed from the sealing body. A laminate of the insulating base member and the back-face metal body has a side face connecting between a front face of the insulating base member and the exposed face of the back-face metal body. The side face includes a first inclined portion in a predetermined range from the front face and a second inclined portion in a predetermined range from the exposed face. In a plan view of the substrate viewed along the plate thickness direction, a length of the second inclination portion is shorter than a length of the first inclination portion.

Abstract: An HVAC system with an integrated source of outdoor air is provided. In one embodiment, an HVAC system includes an outdoor unit, having a compressor and a heat exchanger, and a ventilation unit to receive and provide outdoor air to a structure. The ventilation unit has a blower, a dehumidifying coil, and a reheat coil installed in a housing. The HVAC system also includes a first electronic expansion valve coupled outside the housing of the ventilation unit to control refrigerant flow into the dehumidifying coil and a second electronic expansion valve coupled outside the housing of the ventilation unit to control refrigerant flow into the reheat coil. An electronic expansion valve controller is connected to control operation of the first electronic expansion valve and the second electronic expansion valve. Additional systems, devices, and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for detecting an amount of A2L refrigerant in an air temperature controller using an A2L refrigerant, and a method of installing a configuration of A2L sensors in the air temperature controller using an A2L refrigerant. The system includes an A2L control board, a first A2L sensor, and a second A2L sensor. The first A2L sensor and the second A2L sensor are coupled in series and electrically coupled to the A2L control board. Each of the first A2L sensor and the second A2L sensor include sensing components configured to detect the amount of A2L refrigerant.

Abstract: An HVAC system with an integrated source of outdoor air is provided. In one embodiment, an HVAC system includes an outdoor unit, having a compressor and a heat exchanger, and a ventilation unit to receive and provide outdoor air to a structure. The ventilation unit has a blower, a dehumidifying coil, and a reheat coil installed in a housing. The HVAC system also includes a first electronic expansion valve coupled outside the housing of the ventilation unit to control refrigerant flow into the dehumidifying coil and a second electronic expansion valve coupled outside the housing of the ventilation unit to control refrigerant flow into the reheat coil. An electronic expansion valve controller is connected to control operation of the first electronic expansion valve and the second electronic expansion valve. Additional systems, devices, and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for detecting an amount of R-32 refrigerant in an air temperature controller using an R-32 refrigerant, and a method of installing a configuration of R-32 sensors in the air temperature controller using an R-32 refrigerant. The system includes an R-32 control board, a first R-32 sensor, and a second R-32 sensor. The first R-32 sensor and the second R-32 sensor are coupled in series and electrically coupled to the R-32 control board. Each of the first R-32 sensor and the second R-32 sensor include sensing components configured to detect the amount of R-32 refrigerant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for detecting an amount of A2L refrigerant in an air temperature controller using an A2L refrigerant, and a method of installing a configuration of A2L sensors in the air temperature controller using an A2L refrigerant. The system includes an A2L control board, a first A2L sensor, and a second A2L sensor. The first A2L sensor and the second A2L sensor are coupled in series and electrically coupled to the A2L control board. Each of the first A2L sensor and the second A2L sensor include sensing components configured to detect the amount of A2L refrigerant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for detecting an amount of R-32 refrigerant in an air temperature controller using an R-32 refrigerant, and a method of installing a configuration of R-32 sensors in the air temperature controller using an R-32 refrigerant. The system includes an R-32 control board, a first R-32 sensor, and a second R-32 sensor. The first R-32 sensor and the second R-32 sensor are coupled in series and electrically coupled to the R-32 control board. Each of the first R-32 sensor and the second R-32 sensor include sensing components configured to detect the amount of R-32 refrigerant.

Abstract: A wheel cap includes a cap body having a wheel side face and another face serving as a styling face on an opposite side from the wheel side face; a first engagement leg provided standing out from the wheel side face and configured to be inserted into a through hole of the wheel, with the first engagement leg abutting a first attachment portion of a peripheral edge of the through hole at a first angle with respect to an insertion direction; and a second engagement leg provided standing out from the wheel side face as a pair with the first engagement leg and configured to be inserted into the through hole of the wheel, with the second engagement leg abutting a second attachment portion at the peripheral edge of the through hole at a second angle with respect to the insertion direction, the second angle being greater than the first angle

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to construct a system in which a robot cell receives output from a laser oscillator separate from the robot cell and is irradiated with a laser beam, wherein the need for complicated wiring is obviated without introducing a safety support system such as a safety PLC. In the present invention, a safety signal from a robot cell is communicated from a robot controller to a laser oscillator, where the robot controller serves as a master unit and the laser oscillator serves as a slave unit, thereby making it possible to obviate the need for numerous wires and to carry out installation such that wiring is uncomplicated.

Abstract: A laser oscillator includes a first structure disposed with an optical section, a second structure disposed with a power source section, and an electric cable that electrically connects the optical section and the power source section. The first structure is removably coupled to the second structure, the electric cable is removably connected to at least one of the power source section and the optical section, and the optical section is allowed to be replaced.

Abstract: An air-conditioning system that performs a refrigeration cycle in a refrigerant circuit includes: an outdoor unit; a plurality of indoor units; a refrigerant connection pipe that connects the outdoor unit and the indoor units; and a first control valve disposed in the refrigerant connection pipe and that blocks a flow of refrigerant. The refrigerant connection pipe includes: a plurality of indoor-side pipes that each communicate with one of the indoor units; an outdoor-side pipe that communicates with two or more of the indoor-side pipes from an outdoor unit side; and a branch that connects the outdoor-side pipe and a group of two or more of the indoor-side pipes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for detecting an amount of A2L refrigerant in an air temperature controller using an A2L refrigerant, and a method of installing a configuration of A2L sensors in the air temperature controller using an A2L refrigerant. The system includes an A2L control board, a first A2L sensor, and a second A2L sensor. The first A2L sensor and the second A2L sensor are coupled in series and electrically coupled to the A2L control board. Each of the first A2L sensor and the second A2L sensor include sensing components configured to detect the amount of A2L refrigerant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for detecting an amount of R-32 refrigerant in an air temperature controller using an R-32 refrigerant, and a method of installing a configuration of R-32 sensors in the air temperature controller using an R-32 refrigerant. The system includes an R-32 control board, a first R-32 sensor, and a second R-32 sensor. The first R-32 sensor and the second R-32 sensor are coupled in series and electrically coupled to the R-32 control board. Each of the first R-32 sensor and the second R-32 sensor include sensing components configured to detect the amount of R-32 refrigerant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system using an A2L refrigerant and a method of installing the HVAC system in a building. The HVAC system includes an indoor unit having a heat exchanger that uses an A2L refrigerant, a blower, an outdoor unit, an A2L control board, and one or more A2L sensors configured to detect an amount of A2L refrigerant. In one or more embodiments, the indoor unit is electrically coupled to the blower, the A2L control board, and the outdoor unit. Also, in one or more embodiments, the A2L control board is also electrically coupled to the blower and the one or more A2L sensors.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for detecting an amount of R-454b refrigerant in an air temperature controller using an R-454b refrigerant, and a method of installing a configuration of R-454b sensors in the air temperature controller using an R-454b refrigerant. The system includes an R-454b control board, a first R-454b sensor, and a second R-454b sensor. The first R-454b sensor and the second R-454b sensor are coupled in series and electrically coupled to the R-454b control board. Each of the first R-454b sensor and the second R-454b sensor include sensing components configured to detect the amount of R-454b refrigerant.

Abstract: A refrigeration apparatus includes: a heat source unit including a compressor for refrigerant and a heat-source-side heat exchanger; utilization units, each of which is connected in parallel to the heat source unit and includes a utilization-side heat exchanger; a refrigerant-flow-path switching unit that includes first gas-side control valves, each of which switches a flow of refrigerant in a corresponding one of the utilization units, and individually switches a flow of refrigerant in each of the utilization units; a first gas-side connection pipe disposed between the heat source unit and each of the first gas-side control valves and through which high-pressure gas refrigerant flows; first gas-side branch pipes, each of which is included in the first gas-side connection pipe and communicates with a corresponding one of the utilization units; and a blocking valve.